{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:22:02Z","timestamp":1775092922565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sleep"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep disturbances, fear of sleep, and nightmares are among the most reported symptoms for military service members and veterans (henceforth \u201cveterans\u201d) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potentially contributing to treatment resistance and heightened suicidality. Despite available evidence-based interventions, many veterans still report difficulties. The complementary intervention of a psychiatric service dog may contribute to improvements in sleep quality for veterans with PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This preregistered, non-randomized clinical trial evaluated the association between service dog partnership and sleep at 3 month follow-up. Participants were <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 155 veterans with PTSD (81 in the service dog group and 74 waitlisted controls). Measures included self-report surveys measuring PTSD severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5) sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), sleep disturbance (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance), and fear of sleep (Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form, FoSI-SF); morning sleep diaries measuring nightmares; and wrist-worn actigraphy. Regression models and mediation analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Service dog partnership was significantly associated with better subjective sleep [PSQI: mean difference \u22122.2, 95% CI (\u22123.4, \u22121.1), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; PROMIS Sleep Disturbance: \u22123.6, 95% CI (\u22126.3, \u22120.9), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004; FoSI-SF: \u22126.6, 95% CI (\u22129.7, \u22123.5), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001] and odds of nightmares [OR = 0.45, 95% CI (0.26, 0.76), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003]. Service dog partnership was not associated with a change in actigraphy-based measures of sleep [sleep onset: \u22124.5, 95% CI (\u221212.2, 3.2); sleep duration: \u22124.7, 95% CI (\u221225.9, 16.6); wake after sleep onset: 6.0, 95% CI (\u22122.1,14.1); sleep efficiency: \u22120.4, 95% CI (\u22123.4, 2.5)]. The estimated proportion of the effect of service dogs on PTSD severity mediated by fear of sleep was 0.26 [95% CI (0.10, 0.48)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the control group, veterans with service dogs for PTSD reported better sleep quality, less sleep disturbance, and less fear of sleep after 3 months. However, service dog partnership was not associated with differences in actigraphy-measured sleep. These findings demonstrate the impact of psychiatric service dog partnerships on sleep quality for veterans with PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frsle.2024.1432919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1725424147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of service dog partnerships on perceived and objective sleep quality for military veterans with PTSD"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bristol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Leighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Schwichtenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Ashbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Bedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marguerite E.","family":"O'Haire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3648-0","article-title":"Sleep and challenging behaviors in the context of intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism","volume":"48","author":"Abel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000260537.45076.74","article-title":"Developing the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS)","volume":"45","author":"Ader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7040041","article-title":"How hyperarousal and sleep reactivity are represented in different adult age groups: results from a large cohort study on insomnia","volume":"7","author":"Altena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Edn"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.11.011","article-title":"The effects of bed sharing on sleep: from partners to pets","volume":"7","author":"Andre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"ADI Member Program Statistics2022"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Summary of ADI Standards.2024"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.09.022","article-title":"Persistence of sleep disturbances following cognitive-behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"70","author":"Belleville","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02550-y","article-title":"Post traumatic stress symptom variation associated with sleep characteristics","volume":"20","author":"Biggs","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20656","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review of evidence and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Bryant","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12926","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12926","article-title":"The wrist is not the brain: estimation of sleep by clinical and consumer wearable actigraphy devices is impacted by multiple patient- and device-specific factors","volume":"29","author":"Danzig","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2007.00320.x","article-title":"Sex differences in the reactions to sleeping in pairs versus sleeping alone in humans","volume":"5","author":"Dittami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024725319777","article-title":"Evaluation of dream content in combat-related PTSD","volume":"12","author":"Esposito","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000278","article-title":"An explorative clinical pilot study into the effect of service dogs on chronic posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"26","author":"Galsgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2019.1692848","article-title":"Cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with negligible change in subjective and objective sleep","volume":"18","author":"Haynes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020278","article-title":"Human-animal co-sleeping: an actigraphy-based assessment of dogs' impacts on women's nighttime movements","volume":"10","author":"Hoffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2018.1529354","article-title":"An examination of adult women's sleep quality and sleep routines in relation to pet ownership and bedsharing","volume":"31","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.11.005","article-title":"Insomnia in United States military veterans: an integrated theoretical model","volume":"59","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2016.1181587","article-title":"The role of fear of loss of vigilance and reexperiencing in insomnia among veterans","volume":"4","author":"Hull","year":"2016","journal-title":"Milit. Behav. Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020761","article-title":"A general approach to causal mediation analysis","volume":"15","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269186","article-title":"Characterizing veteran and PTSD service dog teams: exploring potential mechanisms of symptom change and canine predictors of efficacy","volume":"17","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22587","article-title":"Service dogs for veterans and military members with posttraumatic stress disorder: replication with the PTSD checklist for DSM-5","volume":"34","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Frequently Asked Questions2024"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S138823","article-title":"Hyperarousal and sleep reactivity in insomnia: current insights","volume":"10","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7224","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia reduces fear of sleep in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"14","author":"Kanady","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v8i2.808","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD","volume":"8","author":"Khazaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inj. Viol. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000254","article-title":"Examining the effects of a novel training program and use of psychiatric service dogs for military-related PTSD and associated symptoms","volume":"87","author":"Kloep","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000384","article-title":"Residual symptoms following empirically supported treatment for PTSD","volume":"11","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0274960","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274960","article-title":"Assistance dogs for military veterans with PTSD: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-synthesis","volume":"17","author":"Leighton","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2414686","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.14686","article-title":"Service dogs for veterans and military members with posttraumatic stress disorder: a nonrandomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Leighton","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001543.","article-title":"Psychiatric service dog placements are associated with better daily psychosocial functioning for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Leighton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40737-020-00187-4","article-title":"Changes in physical activity and sleep among veterans using a service dog as a rehabilitation modality for post-traumatic stress disorder: an open-label single-arm exploratory trial using actigraphy-based measures","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. Mental Health"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12606","article-title":"Exploring the influence of service dogs on participation in daily occupations by veterans with PTSD: a pilot study","volume":"66","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. Occup. Ther. J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.002","article-title":"The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on objective sleep parameters: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"Review of Department of Veterans Affairs Monograph on Potential Therapeutic Effects of Service and Emotional Support Dogs on Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder","year":"2021"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01990-3","article-title":"PTSD service dogs foster resilience among veterans and military families","volume":"42","author":"Nieforth","year":"","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2023.2268979","article-title":"A preliminary analysis of psychiatric service dog placements and sleep patterns of partners of veterans with PTSD","volume":"37","author":"Nieforth","year":"","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101590","article-title":"Quantifying the emotional experiences of partners of veterans with PTSD service dogs using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"48","author":"Nieforth","year":"","journal-title":"Comp. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062997","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2022.2062997","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder service dogs and the wellbeing of veteran families","volume":"13","author":"Nieforth","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50626-y","article-title":"The Cortisol awakening response in a 3 month clinical trial of service dogs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"14","author":"Nieforth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000267","article-title":"Preliminary efficacy of service dogs as a complementary treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military members and veterans","volume":"86","author":"O'Haire","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13587-015-0018-9","article-title":"Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory","volume":"5","author":"Pace-Schott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Mood Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.07.002","article-title":"Sleep quality in treatment-seeking veterans of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom: the role of cognitive coping strategies and unit cohesion","volume":"69","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.725","article-title":"The psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Pole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3710","article-title":"A psychometric study of the Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form (FoSI-SF)","volume":"10","author":"Pruiksma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000150","article-title":"Residual sleep disturbances following PTSD treatment in active duty military personnel","volume":"8","author":"Pruiksma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B50","year":"2023","journal-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.04.026","article-title":"The effect of a service dog on salivary cortisol awakening response in a military population with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"98","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01638","article-title":"Defining the PTSD service dog intervention: perceived importance, usage, and symptom specificity of psychiatric service dogs for military veterans","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22871","article-title":"residual symptoms following prolonged exposure and present-centered therapy for PTSD in female veterans and soldiers","volume":"36","author":"Schnurr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/cpp0000143","article-title":"Sibling sleep\u2014What can it tell us about parental sleep reports in the context of autism?","volume":"4","author":"Schwichtenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.46743\/2160-3715\/2019.3573","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: the impact of receiving and training a service dog","volume":"24","author":"Scotland-Coogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.014","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as a predictor of affective functioning and symptom severity among individuals with PTSD: an ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"97","author":"Short","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2752\/089279314X14072268687880","article-title":"The prevalence and implications of human\u2013animal co-sleeping in an australian sample","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2018.1529355","article-title":"An exploratory study of human\u2013dog co-sleeping using actigraphy: do dogs disrupt their owner's sleep?","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaa065","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa065","article-title":"Sleep problems in active duty military personnel seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: presence, change, and impact on outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"Mediation : R package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"B61","unstructured":"How Common Is PTSD in Veterans?2023"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000115","article-title":"Prominence of hyperarousal symptoms explains variability of sleep disruption in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"van Wyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486","article-title":"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM\u22125 (CAPS-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans","volume":"30","author":"Weathers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"B64","unstructured":"WeathersF. W.\n            LitzB. T.\n            KeaneT. M.\n            PalmieriP. A.\n            MarxB. P.\n            SchnurrP. P.\n          The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) \u2013 Standard.2013"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101383","article-title":"Fear of sleep and trauma-induced insomnia: a review and conceptual model","volume":"55","author":"Werner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00037","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: a theoretical model of the hyperarousal subtype","volume":"5","author":"Weston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22505","article-title":"Examining insomnia during intensive treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: does it improve and does it predict treatment outcomes?","volume":"33","author":"Zalta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Sleep"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frsle.2024.1432919\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T04:29:14Z","timestamp":1725424154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frsle.2024.1432919\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frsle.2024.1432919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frsle.2024.1432919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-2890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-2890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"article-number":"1432919"}}