{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:51:56Z","timestamp":1788911516729,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Transplant."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a primary disease of the liver that may cause noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Common causes include autoimmune, hematologic, immune deficiency, and myeloproliferative disorders. Given the limited data regarding the development of NRH in contemporary immunosuppressive protocols and the occurrence of NRH post-liver transplantation, we systematically reviewed NRH as it pertains to liver transplantation. We performed a comprehensive search for NRH and transplantation. Nineteen studies were identified with relevant data for NRH as an indication for a liver transplant. Thirteen studies were identified with relevant data pertaining to NRH development after liver transplant. Pooled analysis revealed 0.9% of liver transplant recipients had NRH. A total of 113 patients identified with NRH underwent liver transplantation. Most series report transplants done after the failure of endoscopic banding and TIPS management of portal hypertension. Reported 5-year graft and patient survival ranged from 73%\u201378% and 73%\u201390%. The pooled incidence of NRH after liver transplant for all indications was 2.9% and caused complications of portal hypertension. Complications related to portal hypertension secondary to NRH are a rare indication for a liver transplant. NRH can develop at any time after liver transplantation often without an identifiable cause, which may lead to portal hypertension requiring treatment or even re-transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2023.1221765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T15:41:07Z","timestamp":1694014867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and liver transplantation: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ben E.","family":"Biesterveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Schroder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Hitchcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bolognese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Al-Adra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199008000-00023","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: retrospective survey in autopsy series","volume":"12","author":"Nakanuma","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110512","article-title":"Micronodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver: a report of 64 cases among 2,500 autopsies and a new classification of benign hepatocellular nodules","volume":"11","author":"Wanless","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.04.004","article-title":"Liver transplantation for the treatment of nodular regenerative hyperplasia","volume":"43","author":"Manzia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23247096211044616","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096211044617","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in rheumatic disease: cases and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20024","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: an under-recognized cause of portal hypertension in hematological disorders","volume":"75","author":"Al-Mukhaizeem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31775","article-title":"Recurrent nodular regenerative hyperplasia following liver transplantation in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"74","author":"Hercun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280119e47","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is a new cause of chronic liver disease in HIV-infected patients","volume":"21","author":"Mallet","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(81)80242-0","article-title":"Nodular transformation (nodular \u201cregenerative\u201d hyperplasia) of the liver. 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