{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1753893174522,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Transplant."],"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a significant treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, some important questions remain related to its efficacy and safety, specifically when administered to various age cohorts among pediatric and adult patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT in treating pediatric patients compared to adult patients diagnosed with AML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline for studies published in the English language from inception to 2023. The findings were reported using the PRISMA checklist. Statistical analysis was conducted using Cochrane's software (Rev Man) version 5.4, which used random and fixed effect models when necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In total, 14 studies met the criteria for meta-analysis. The results indicated a slightly positive trend in overall survival in the pediatric and combined pediatric\u2013adult groups compared to adults alone, although the differences were not statistically significant. For relapse rate, no significant differences were observed in the adult and pediatric groups individually, while the combined pediatric\u2013adult group showed a substantial benefit from HSCT (OR: 2.3, P<\/jats:italic>-value: \u22120.05). A similar trend was observed in disease-free survival, where the combined group showed a modest, though not statistically significant, improvement with HSCT. Furthermore, regarding treatment-related mortality, a statistically protective effect of HSCT was observed in the adult group (OR: 0.26, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005), while the pediatric and combined groups did not show significant effects. For graft-vs.-host disease, a significant association with HSCT was found in the pediatric group (OR: 2.58, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), while the adult and combined groups showed no significant effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our analysis showed mixed results, showing a slightly better effect of HSCT in treating pediatric patients diagnosed with AML compared to adult patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2025.1551820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:27:44Z","timestamp":1749101264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative analysis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric and adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Shailendra Shanker","family":"Maurya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maneesha","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sapana","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0459-7","article-title":"Unmanipulated haploidentical versus HLA-matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective study on behalf of the ALWP of the EBMT","volume":"54","author":"Battipaglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08022-0","article-title":"Wilms\u2019 tumor gene 1 is an independent prognostic factor for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.10.003","article-title":"Ex vivo T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in first and second remission: long- term disease-free survival with a significantly reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease","volume":"26","author":"Montoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0461-0","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in children with refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"54","author":"Okamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.09.003","article-title":"Somatic characterization of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia using next-generation sequencing","volume":"50","author":"Schuback","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903840","article-title":"Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome","volume":"361","author":"Mardis","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23179","article-title":"Leukemic mutations in the methylation-associated genes DNMT3A and IDH2 are rare events in pediatric AML: a report from the children\u2019s oncology group","volume":"57","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2014.3","article-title":"Health status of childhood leukemia survivors who received hematopoietic cell transplantation after BU or TBI: an LEA study","volume":"49","author":"Bernard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.1.106","article-title":"Growth after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2370-7","article-title":"Outcomes of mismatched and unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Fanconi anemia conditioned with chemotherapy only","volume":"94","author":"Chao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03011","article-title":"Impact of Conditioning Intensity of Allogeneic Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Genomic Evidence of Residual Disease","volume":"38","author":"Hourigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel","volume":"129","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2000","article-title":"Graft-versus-host disease","volume":"7","author":"Shlomchik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631951","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/631951","article-title":"Improving cytomegalovirus-specific T cell reconstitution after haploidentical stem cell transplantation","volume":"2014","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2004.08.012","article-title":"Molecular pathways regulating the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.08.008","article-title":"The outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for children with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication-positive acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"21","author":"Schechter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-021-03761-w","article-title":"Improved outcome in children compared to adolescents and young adults after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective study from the francophone society of bone marrow transplantation and cell therapy (SFGM-TC)","volume":"148","author":"Pochon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"year":"2020","key":"B18","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01086-2","article-title":"Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with cord blood versus mismatched unrelated donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Dholaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.05.009","article-title":"Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Tomizawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0667-1","article-title":"Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia in adolescent patients","volume":"55","author":"El Fakih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.02.017","article-title":"Outcome of transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in children with down syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Hitzler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26464","article-title":"Early mixed chimerism-based preemptive immunotherapy in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia","volume":"64","author":"Horn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2091","article-title":"Association of second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant vs donor lymphocyte infusion with overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia relapse","volume":"4","author":"Kharfan-Dabaja","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001126","article-title":"Late effects after ablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adolescent and young adult acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-332866","article-title":"Bone mineral density in adult survivors of childhood acute leukemia: impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other treatment modalities","volume":"118","author":"Le Meignen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018025908","article-title":"The influence of stem cell source on transplant outcomes for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Keating","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01574-5","article-title":"Utility of the treatment-related mortality (TRM) score to predict outcomes of adults with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Zarling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07897-3","article-title":"Early transplantation-related mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia","volume":"21","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15951","article-title":"Improved outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"42","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2019.89843","article-title":"Thymic activity in immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children.","volume":"45","author":"Janeczko-Czarnecka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703118","article-title":"Immune reconstitution following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in recipients conditioned by low intensity vs myeloablative regimen","volume":"28","author":"Morecki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25480","article-title":"The landscape of genomic alterations across childhood cancers.","volume":"555","author":"Gr\u00f6bner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.8157","article-title":"Comorbidity-age index: a clinical measure of biologic age before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Sorror","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.04.017","article-title":"Comparison of myeloblative versus reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in allogenic stem cell transplantation recipients with acute myelogenous leukemia with measurable residual disease-negative negative disease at the time of transplantation: aretrospective cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009652","article-title":"CEBPA-bZip mutations are associated with favorable prognosis in de novo AML: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.","volume":"138","author":"Tarlock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516192","article-title":"Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"374","author":"Papaemmanuil","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.055","article-title":"Stem cell factor and NSC87877 synergism enhances c-Kit mediated proliferation of human erythroid cells.","volume":"214","author":"Raghav","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frtra.2025.1551820\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:27:44Z","timestamp":1749101264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frtra.2025.1551820\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frtra.2025.1551820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frtra.2025.1551820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-2440"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2813-2440"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"article-number":"1551820"}}