{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:20:37Z","timestamp":1783405237215,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Transplant."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious and heterogeneous neoplastic complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT), arising in the setting of sustained pharmacological immunosuppression. This review is specifically focused on PTLD in the SOT setting; PTLD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) differs substantially in risk factors, pathogenesis, and management, and is beyond the scope of this work. PTLD incidence ranges from 1% to 20%, depending on the grafted organ, with the highest per-procedure rates in intestinal and multiorgan transplants, and the highest absolute case burden in kidney recipients, given transplant volume. PTLD demonstrates a bimodal temporal distribution: an early, predominantly EBV-driven peak at 12\u201324 months post-transplant, and a late peak at 5\u201310 years, with a higher proportion of EBV-negative cases. Contemporary evidence suggests a possible decline in early EBV-positive PTLD with improved surveillance, while late-onset EBV-negative PTLD is stable or increasing. EBV establishes latency type III in PTLD-associated B cells, driving proliferation through viral oncoproteins LMP1 and EBNA2. The latency program correlates with histological category and clinical behavior: latency III predominates in early lesions and polymorphic PTLD with strong EBER expression, whereas EBV-negative monomorphic PTLD displays greater genomic complexity, resembling\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with frequent TP53 mutations and chromosomal gains. The WHO 2022 and ICC 2022 frameworks define four histopathological categories\u2014non-destructive lesions, polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL)-type PTLD\u2014each with distinct morphological, immunophenotypic, EBER, and clonality profiles that directly determine treatment intensity. Management follows a sequential strategy: immunosuppression reduction (ISR) as the mainstay first step, followed by rituximab, then chemoimmunotherapy (R-CHOP) for refractory or high-risk disease, with PET\/CT-based response assessment using Lugano criteria at each decision point. Tabelecleucel, an allogeneic EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) product, represents the first approved cellular therapy for refractory EBV-positive PTLD. Immune checkpoint inhibitors carry unacceptably high organ rejection rates and are not recommended for standard PTLD management. Key unmet needs include standardizing EBV surveillance thresholds for preemptive intervention, biomarker-driven risk stratification (PD-L1, LMP1, tumor EBV viral load), and prospective multicenter data on novel immunotherapy combinations in immunosuppressed transplant recipients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2026.1869288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:52Z","timestamp":1783403152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Lina Patricia","family":"Vargas-Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fundaci\u00f3n Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiolog\u00eda","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s David","family":"Santoyo-Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Universidad del Rosario, Hospital Universitario Mayor M\u00e9deri","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Interna, Corporaci\u00f3n Hospitalaria Juan Ciudad - M\u00e9deri","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ballesteros-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie Tatiana","family":"Calder\u00f3n-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Oncolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro Daniel","family":"Pinto-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriela","family":"Robayo-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Universidad del Rosario, Hospital Universitario Mayor M\u00e9deri","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Interna, Corporaci\u00f3n Hospitalaria Juan Ciudad - M\u00e9deri","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Cormane-Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Daza-Buitrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Hematolog\u00eda, Centro de Tratamiento e Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre C\u00e1ncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020075","article-title":"How I treat posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"142","author":"Amengual","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.01.026","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2023 annual data report: deceased organ donation","volume":"25","author":"Israni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08012-1","article-title":"Survival benefit of solid-organ transplantation: 10-year update","volume":"68","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2200923","article-title":"Liver transplantation","volume":"389","author":"Lucey","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1507080","article-title":"Improving the supply and quality of deceased-donor organs for transplantation","volume":"378","author":"Tullius","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2203","article-title":"Crisis awaiting heart transplantation","volume":"175","author":"Stevenson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18065","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after 5,365 solid-organ transplants over a 20-year period at two UK transplant centres","volume":"197","author":"Santarsieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2401039","article-title":"Lung transplantation","volume":"391","author":"Christie","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1702693","article-title":"Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in adults","volume":"378","author":"Dierickx","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2023-0323-RA","article-title":"Clinicopathologic spectrum of pediatric posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases following solid organ transplant","volume":"148","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04790-2","article-title":"Malignancies after pediatric solid organ transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.56.082103.104727","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"56","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04433-y","article-title":"Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"100","author":"Pegoraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01418-0","article-title":"Important considerations in the diagnosis and management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703806","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: a review","volume":"31","author":"Loren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002146","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in adult solid organ transplant recipients over 30 years","volume":"102","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.01.035","article-title":"Risk and prognosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in Epstein\u2013Barr virus-seronegative kidney transplant recipients","volume":"25","author":"Ludvigsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr769","article-title":"Impact of Epstein\u2013Barr virus donor and recipient serostatus on the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"27","author":"Sampaio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-615872","article-title":"How I treat posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"126","author":"Dierickx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16423","article-title":"Association of antiviral prophylaxis and rituximab use with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs): a nationwide cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Walti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.iatreia.v29n3a06","article-title":"Enfermedad linfoproliferativa postrasplante de organo solido","volume":"29","author":"Nieto-Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iatreia"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v47i4.1989","article-title":"Treatment of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders after kidney transplant with rituximab and conversion to m-TOR inhibitor","volume":"47","author":"Nieto-Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colomb Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rchira.2016.06.001","article-title":"Sindrome linfoproliferativo postrasplante con compromiso cerebral: reporte de un caso","volume":"22","author":"Acosta Izquierdo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Chil Radiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.22265\/acnef.4.2.218","article-title":"Enfermedad linfoproliferativa en el injerto renal","volume":"4","author":"Rodriguez Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reporte de un Caso y Revision de la Literatura. Rev Colomb Nefrol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24633","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus strains and variations: geographic or disease-specific variants?","volume":"89","author":"Neves","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000487","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen type and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"99","author":"Lustberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174457","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174457","article-title":"HLA Expression and HLA type associations in relation to EBV status in Hispanic Hodgkin lymphoma patients","volume":"12","author":"Fletcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082166","article-title":"Lymphotropic viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: epidemiology and associated malignancies. A literature-based study by the RIAL-CYTED","volume":"12","author":"Chabay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.92","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus: more than 50 years old and still providing surprises","volume":"16","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122344","article-title":"Molecular basis of Epstein\u2013Barr virus latency establishment and lytic reactivation","volume":"13","author":"Murata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01718-08","article-title":"Herpesvirus interactions with the host cytoskeleton","volume":"83","author":"Lyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438204","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/438204","article-title":"The Epstein\u2013Barr virus EBNA1 protein","volume":"2012","author":"Frappier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2023.101446","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease following solid organ transplantation in children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"36","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18763","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: update on treatment and novel therapies","volume":"201","author":"Atallah-Yunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112326","article-title":"The immunology of Epstein\u2013Barr virus-induced disease","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/375685a0","article-title":"Inhibition of antigen processing by the internal repeat region of the Epstein\u2013Barr virus nuclear antigen-1","volume":"375","author":"Levitskaya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Virus-associated lymphoma","volume-title":"Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 7th edn","author":"Rappazzo","year":"2018"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235949","article-title":"Recent advances in adult post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"14","author":"Markouli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v6.i3.505","article-title":"Recent insights in the pathogenesis of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"6","author":"Morscio","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5792","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016930","article-title":"Non-DLBCL monomorphic and Hodgkin lymphoma PTLD: clinical insights and treatment strategies","volume":"9","author":"Atallah-Yunes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2024000583","article-title":"EBV And post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: a complex relationship","volume":"2024","author":"El-Mallawany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16547","article-title":"Distinct immunopathological mechanisms of EBV-positive and EBV-negative posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"21","author":"Nakid-Cordero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v10.i2.29","article-title":"Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders: current concepts and future therapeutic approaches","volume":"10","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2024.151503","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"44","author":"Dharnidharka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24834","article-title":"Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: an international primary central nervous system lymphoma collaborative group report","volume":"116","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392691","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1392691","article-title":"A disease warranting attention from neurosurgeons: primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13652","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13652","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection, and disease in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2021.04.020","article-title":"Heterogeneous manifestations of posttransplant lymphoma in renal transplant recipients: a case series","volume":"53","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04056-9","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of a prospective phase 2 clinical trial of extended treatment with rituximab in patients with B cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and validation in real world patients","volume":"100","author":"Gonzalez-Barca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70300-X","article-title":"Sequential treatment with rituximab followed by CHOP chemotherapy in adult B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): the prospective international multicentre phase 2 PTLD-1 trial","volume":"13","author":"Trappe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024891","article-title":"Treatment of PTLD: a slow and difficult path","volume":"144","author":"Choquet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01667-1","article-title":"Modified risk-stratified sequential treatment (subcutaneous rituximab with or without chemotherapy) in B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation (SOT): the prospective multicentre phase II PTLD-2 trial","volume":"36","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000226","article-title":"Management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"3","author":"Daan","year":"2019","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-019-01182-x","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"36","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132167","article-title":"Single agent lenalidomide induces a response in refractory T-cell posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"111","author":"Portell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1083563","article-title":"Lenalidomide monotherapy leads to a complete remission in refractory B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder","volume":"57","author":"Laeubli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2023.07.002","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in adolescents and young adults: a category in need of definition","volume":"40","author":"Chadburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2024.100837","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders following kidney transplantation: a literature review with updates on risk factors, prognostic indices, screening strategies, treatment and analysis of donor type","volume":"38","author":"Ergisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant Rev"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08840.x","article-title":"Pre-emptive rituximab based on viraemia and T cell reconstitution: a highly effective strategy for the prevention of Epstein\u2013Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease following stem cell transplantation","volume":"155","author":"Worth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2022.101774","article-title":"Short-term decreased post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder risk after kidney transplantation using two novel regimens","volume":"76","author":"Chiodo Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.3.772","article-title":"Identification of prognostic factors in 61 patients with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"19","author":"Leblond","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7574","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.0934","article-title":"Prognostic analysis for survival in adult solid organ transplant recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"23","author":"Ghobrial","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.4961","article-title":"Multicenter analysis of 80 solid organ transplantation recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease: outcomes and prognostic factors in the modern era","volume":"28","author":"Evens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004919","article-title":"Mechanistic understanding of EBV+ lymphoproliferative disease development after transplantation","volume":"108","author":"Furlano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.01.015","article-title":"Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder following kidney transplantation: a review","volume":"78","author":"Sprangers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13843","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13843","article-title":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after paediatric liver transplantation","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970360","article-title":"Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in the Epstein\u2013Barr virus-naive lung transplant recipient","volume":"154","author":"Aris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318276a237","article-title":"Epidemiology of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in adult renal transplant recipients","volume":"95","author":"Morton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22834-1_12","article-title":"Immune evasion by Epstein\u2013Barr virus","volume":"391","author":"Ressing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens7020040","article-title":"The microenvironment in Epstein\u2013Barr virus-associated malignancies","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frtra.2026.1869288\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:53Z","timestamp":1783403153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frtra.2026.1869288\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frtra.2026.1869288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frtra.2026.1869288","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-2440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-2440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"article-number":"1869288"}}