{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T20:57:23Z","timestamp":1767733043704,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Urol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the factors influencing prostate cancer screening willingness among the Chinese male population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a qualitative study that adopted a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 21 males (aged 48\u201381 years, with a mean age of ~57 years) from the health examination center of a tertiary hospital in Shenyang, China. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were verbatim transcribed and independently cross-checked by two Master\u2019s-level researchers. Data analysis was performed using MaxQDA ver.10 software and followed Colaizzi\u2019s phenomenological analysis steps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deductive analysis identified three core themes aligned with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Attitudes toward the Behavior (getting screened for the sake of family, primary prevention actions, meaningless, fear of the result, and don\u2019t want family members to worry), subjective norm (family members, friends, and colleagues, and health professionals), and control beliefs (cost and insurance, limited understanding of the disease, no symptoms, unfamiliar with the PSA test, doubt screening, health examination package setting, and believe that cancer is incurable).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the complex and unique factors influencing willingness to undergo prostate cancer screening in China. The findings provide insights for developing targeted interventions to address the challenges of insufficient prostate cancer screening, particularly by enhancing health professional guidance and addressing financial barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fruro.2025.1698789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:12:59Z","timestamp":1765257179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attitudes and intentions toward prostate cancer screening among males in China: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shutao","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanting","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, 2012","volume":"65","author":"Torre","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.01.01","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2014","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.005","article-title":"Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates","volume":"77","author":"Culp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2209151","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer","volume":"388","author":"Pinsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Prostate cancer: diagnosis and clinical management","author":"Tewari","year":"2013"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115380","article-title":"Label-free plasmonic metasensing of PSA and exosomes in serum for rapid high-sensitivity diagnosis of early prostate cancer","volume":"235","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009","article-title":"A 16-yr follow-up of the european randomized study of screening for prostate cancer","volume":"76","author":"Hugosson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60525-0","article-title":"Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up","volume":"384","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186332","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186332","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening: Knowledge, attitudes and practices in a sample of men in Italy. A survey","volume":"12","author":"Morlando","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.11.1414","article-title":"Screening men for prostate and colorectal cancer in the United States: does practice reflect the evidence","volume":"289","author":"Sirovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1080800","article-title":"Investigation of awareness rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among the general public in China and analysis of influencing factors","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i2.21","article-title":"Factors influencing Nigerian men\u2019s decision to undergo prostate specific antigen testing","volume":"16","author":"Enaworu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12245","article-title":"Demographic, social support, and community differences in predictors of african-american and white men receiving prostate cancer screening in the United States","volume":"33","author":"Dickey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2133406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.33406","article-title":"Patient-reported factors associated with older adults\u2019 Cancer screening decision-making: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Org Behav Hum Decision Proc"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-021-09976-y","article-title":"Action Control of Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation with fecal immunochemical test (FIT)","volume":"29","author":"Le Bonniec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01419-w","article-title":"The effect of educational program based on beliefs, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on doing pap-smear test in sample of Iranian women","volume":"21","author":"Khani Jeihooni","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05775-5","article-title":"Men\u2019s sexual help-seeking and care needs after radical prostatectomy or other non-hormonal, active prostate cancer treatments","volume":"29","author":"Hyde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_505_23","article-title":"The effect of single-child couples\u2019 education based on the theory of planned behavior on their intention to have next child","volume":"13","author":"Sahraei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12607-w","article-title":"Disparity in cognitive factors related to cancer screening uptake based on the theory of planned behavior","volume":"24","author":"Mirzaei-Alavijeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-012-9366-5","article-title":"Predicting human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in young adult women: comparing the health belief model and theory of planned behavior","volume":"44","author":"Gerend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1376","article-title":"Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy","volume":"12","author":"Webb","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","article-title":"How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability","volume":"18","author":"Guest","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.04.119","article-title":"Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA Guideline","volume":"190","author":"Carter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it","volume-title":"Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology","author":"Colaizzi","year":"1978"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","volume-title":"Naturalistic Inquiry","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.10.008","article-title":"Global burden of urologic cancers, 1990\u20132013","volume":"71","author":"Dy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46483\/deuhfed.834041","article-title":"Psychosocial problems experienced by prostate cancer patients and nursing approaches","volume":"15","author":"\u00c7olak","year":"2022","journal-title":"DEUHFED"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221095942","article-title":"\u2018I got to understand what it means to be a cancer patient\u2019: Qualitative evidence from health professional cancer patients and survivors","volume":"10","author":"Natuhwera","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.01","article-title":"Precision screening for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.02.017","article-title":"Cancer screening in China: the current status, challenges, and suggestions","volume":"506","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21557","article-title":"Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2023.04.002","article-title":"Breast cancer screening for women at higher-than-average risk: updated recommendations from the ACR","volume":"20","author":"Monticciolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm","article-title":"Effect of educational program based on the theory of planned behavior on prostate cancer screening: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Rezaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004720.pub3","article-title":"Screening for prostate cancer","volume":"2013","author":"Ilic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.32598\/JCCNC.5.2.87","article-title":"Health literacy and men\u2019s attitudes and practices toward prostate cancer screening","volume":"5","author":"Abasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Client-Centered Nurs Care"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.08.018","article-title":"The relationship between health literacy and nonrecommended cancer screening","volume":"60","author":"Rutan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-023-00274-8","article-title":"A review on early intervention systems","volume":"10","author":"Tollan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Dev Disord Rep"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e054501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054501","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions for improving timely diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Nnaji","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fruro.2025.1764430","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Urology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fruro.2025.1698789\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T14:48:58Z","timestamp":1767019738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fruro.2025.1698789\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fruro.2025.1698789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fruro.2025.1698789","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-9828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-9828","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"article-number":"1698789"}}