{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:40:06Z","timestamp":1791877206618,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sociol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prisons represent sites of singular healthcare need\u2013characterized by high levels of distress and disorder. In many jurisdictions, practitioners are ethically charged with delivering healthcare that is \u201c<jats:italic>equivalent<\/jats:italic>\u201d to that available in the wider community. This claim has been much debated\u2013yet the emergence of a global coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the arguments in a particularly stark manner. In the following conceptual analysis, we explore the emergent discourse of the coronavirus and consider its particular significance for prison healthcare decision making and the concept of equivalence. For example, both the coronavirus pandemic and practice of prison incarceration induce a sense of varied temporality: The discourse of prison is replete in this area\u2013such as the concept of \u201chard time.\u201d Alongside this, the discourse in relation to coronavirus has highlighted two competing modes of temporal understanding: The political\u2013where the pandemic is conceptualized as has having a discrete \u201cbeginning and end\u201d, and the scientific\u2013where the \u201cnew normal\u201d reflects the incorporation of the \u201cnovel\u201d coronavirus into the wider ecology. The impact of these disparate understandings on the prison population is complex: \u201cLocking down\u201d prisoners\u2013to safeguard the vulnerable against infection\u2013is relatively simple, yet it has traumatic repercussions with respect to liberty and psychosocial health. Easing lockdown, by contrast, is a difficult endeavor and risks collision between the temporalities of prison\u2013where \u201chard time\u201d is accentuated by separation from the \u201creal world\u201d\u2013the political and the scientific. Whither then the concept of equivalence in relation to a field that is definitively non-equivalent? How can practitioners and policy makers maintain a just ethical stance in relation to the allocation of resources when it comes to a politically marginalized yet manifestly vulnerable population? We argue that further debate and consideration are required in this field\u2013and propose a framework for such discussion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2021.649837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T07:16:09Z","timestamp":1626246969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Equivalence, Justice, Injustice \u2013 Health and Social Care Decision Making in Relation to Prison Populations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Hewson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Hard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"The Contingent Nature of Covid-19 Temporality\n            BalzamG.\n            LupoN.\n          2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003201","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003201","article-title":"Managing Outbreaks of Highly Contagious Diseases in Prisons: A Systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Beaudry","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.010488","article-title":"Prison Medicine: Ethics and Equivalence","volume":"188","author":"Birmingham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. Jpsychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-020-09551-3","article-title":"Has COVID-19 Changed Crime? Crime Rates in the United States during the Pandemic","volume":"45","author":"Boman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Crim Just"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10509670801992459","article-title":"The Role of Loneliness in Prison Suicide Prevention and Management","volume":"47","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. offender Rehabil."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w27667","volume-title":"COVID-19 and Crime: Effects of Stay-At-Home Orders on Domestic Violence. No. W27667","author":"Bullinger","year":"2020"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2011-100083","article-title":"'Equivalence of Care' in Prison Medicine: Is Equivalence of Process the Right Measure of Equity?","volume":"38","author":"Charles","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Ethics"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Psychological Survival: The Experience of Long-Term Imprisonment","author":"Cohen","year":"1972"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e450","DOI":"10.1016\/s2589-7500(20)30164-3","article-title":"COVID-19: Digital Equivalence of Health Care in English Prisons","volume":"2","author":"Edge","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Digital Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9769","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)61053-7","article-title":"The Health of Prisoners","volume":"377","author":"Fazel","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Discipline and Punish. Part 1 Chapter 1 \u2013 the Body of the Condemned","author":"Foucault","year":"1975"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates","author":"Goffman","year":"1961"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"What Happens to Prisoners in a Pandemic2021"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(20)30241-8","article-title":"Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Prisoners","volume":"7","author":"Hewson","year":"","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2020.107","article-title":"PsychStart: a Novel Mentoring Scheme for Supporting and Valuing Medical Students Interested in Psychiatry","author":"Hewson","year":"","journal-title":"Bjpsych Bull."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.1962.10.2.03a00040","article-title":"Thieves, Convicts and the Inmate Culture","volume":"10","author":"Irwin","year":"1962","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/0038026118777447","article-title":"Stigma, Housing and Identity after Prison","volume":"66","author":"Keene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sociological Rev."},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Selected Melanie Klein","author":"Klein","year":"1987"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"19","article-title":"Television, Emotion and Prison Life: Achieving Personal Control","volume":"12","author":"Knight","year":"2015","journal-title":"Participations: J. Audience Reception Stud."},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Making Good","author":"Maruna","year":"2001"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.12.028","article-title":"Psychosocial Influences on Prisoner Suicide: a Case-Control Study of Near-Lethal Self-Harm in Women Prisoners","volume":"72","author":"Marzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m2282","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2282","article-title":"Ethnicity and Covid-19","volume":"369","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2010.039222","article-title":"30 Years Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Introduction to a Symposium on the 6th Edition of Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress' Seminal Work","volume":"37","author":"Rauprich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Ethics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/geob.12087","article-title":"Re\u2010discovering Goffman: Contemporary Carceral Geography, the \u201cTotal\u201d Institution and Notes on Heterotopia","volume":"98","author":"Schliehe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geografiska Annaler: Ser. B, Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"UK (SAGE) Report COVID-19 Transmission in Prison Settings2021"},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"UK Sentencing Council2020"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550517740997","article-title":"The Lammy Review: Treatment of and Outcomes for BAME Adults and Young People in the CJS","volume":"64","author":"Shepherd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Probation J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10266","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32663-5","article-title":"Experts Call to Include Prisons in COVID-19 Vaccine Plans","volume":"396","author":"Siva","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Adopted and Proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 45\/111 of 14 December 1990","year":"1990"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315721330","volume-title":"Restoring justice: An Introduction to Restorative justice","author":"Van Ness","year":"2014"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2014.885471","article-title":"Triple Stigma of Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Mental Illness, Race, and Criminal History","volume":"13","author":"West","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Forensic Ment. Health"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Sociology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2021.649837\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T07:16:21Z","timestamp":1626246981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2021.649837\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsoc.2021.649837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2021.649837","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-7775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-7775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"article-number":"649837"}}