{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:39:31Z","timestamp":1793457571033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sociol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>When women in leadership roles act antagonistically toward female subordinates, it\u2019s referred to as the Queen Bee Syndrome. Though it often appears as a top-down dynamic, little is known regarding possible subordinate blowback. With the goal to look into the unconscious reactions of female subordinates performing under female leaders in male-dominated workplaces, this exploratory study utilized a qualitative method. Nine female professionals from an array of industries took part in semi-structured interviews, and MAXQDA was employed to assess the data using both inductive as well as deductive content analysis. Preference for male leaders, perceived difficulties with female managers (such as meticulousness and emotional reactivity), divergent views about female leadership, and the effect of social expectations were the primary four themes that emerged. Findings show that subconscious biases against female superiors may be prevalent among female subordinates, that are comparable to the behaviors typically linked to Queen Bee Syndrome. The \u201cWorker Bee Syndrome,\u201d a reversal dynamic in which workers show bias against female leaders, is introduced in the study. The significance of resolving entrenched biases and workplace gender imbalances is made apparent by these bilateral tensions, which raise doubt on assumptions of unidirectional workplace enmity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1554275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T05:28:04Z","timestamp":1751347684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A battle in the hive against the Queen Bee: reaction of female subordinates\u2019 unconcious mind"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elif","family":"Baykal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevil","family":"Surucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Queen bee: the culprit or the victim of sexism in the organisation?","volume":"58","author":"Achhnani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Manager Br. J. Admin. Manag."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.14686\/buefad.v5i3.5000195251","article-title":"Krali\u00e7e ar\u0131 sendromu ba\u011flam\u0131nda kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kad\u0131n y\u00f6neticilere ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri","volume":"5","author":"Akman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bart\u0131n Univ. J. Fac. Educ."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2018.03.002","article-title":"The queen bee: a myth? The effect of top-level female leadership on subordinate females","volume":"29","author":"Arvate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leadersh. Q."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1108\/JGM-06-2017-0022","article-title":"Institutional discrimination of women and workplace harassment of female expatriates: evidence from 25 host countries","volume":"6","author":"Bader","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Mobil."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stae.2023.100057","article-title":"Gender discrimination at workplace and mental health of women: a systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"Batool","year":"2020","journal-title":"PalArchs J. Archaeol. Egyptol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1421\/34845","article-title":"Perceived organizational support: validation of the Italian version of the survey of perceived organizational support (with eight items)","volume":"38","author":"Battistelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"G. Ital. Psicol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.31455\/asya.597151","article-title":"Person organization fit: spiritual way to boost performance","volume":"3","author":"Baykal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asya Stud."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"24","article-title":"Same-sex workplace incivility: women against women","volume":"15","author":"Baykal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Person. Focus"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50131-0_9","article-title":"Queen bee syndrome: A modern dilemma of working women and its effects on turnover intentions","volume-title":"Strategic outlook for innovative work behaviors: Interdisciplinary and multidimensional perspectives","author":"Baykal","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba7814","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba7814","article-title":"In some professions, women have become well represented, yet gender bias persists\u2014perpetuated by those who think it is not happening","volume":"6","author":"Begeny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31816-0","article-title":"Married women with children experience greater intrasexual competition than their male counterparts","volume":"13","author":"Benenson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1080\/01446193.2020.1762906","article-title":"Negotiating gender in the male-dominated skilled trades: a systematic literature review","volume":"38","author":"Bidges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Manag. Econ."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243211424741","article-title":"Gender discrimination at work: connecting gender stereotypes, institutional policies, and gender composition of workplace","volume":"25","author":"Bobbitt-Zeher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gender Soc."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00955","article-title":"Gender and willingness to lead: does the gender composition of teams matter?","volume":"104","author":"Born","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1059601119867","article-title":"Gender bias still plagues the workplace: looking at derailment risk and performance with self\u2013other ratings","volume":"45","author":"Braddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Group Organ. Manag."},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Sampling methods","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101813","article-title":"\u201cWhy can\u2019t I become a manager?\u201d a systematic review of gender stereotypes and organizational discrimination","volume":"16","author":"Casta\u00f1o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.15869\/itobiad.59306","article-title":"A research on mobbing by women towards women in business life","volume":"4","author":"Cevher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hum. Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Gender discrimination in the workplace","author":"Childs","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031596","article-title":"The \u2018queen bee syndrome\u2019 in sports federations: an exploratory investigation of gender stereotypes in Italian female coaches","volume":"14","author":"Cibibin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. For."},{"key":"ref9001","article-title":"Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"30 essential skills for qualitative researchers","author":"Creswell","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2021.4035","article-title":"More women in tech? Evidence from a field experiment addressing social identity","volume":"68","author":"Del Carpio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2015.12.007","article-title":"The queen bee phenomenon: why women leaders distance themselves from junior women","volume":"27","author":"Derks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leadersh. Q."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2006.00007.x","article-title":"A theory of unconscious thought","volume":"1","author":"Dijksterhuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615615317","article-title":"A case for thinking without consciousness","volume":"11","author":"Dijksterhuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Content analysis","author":"Drisko","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1348\/0144666042037999","article-title":"The underrepresentation of women in science: differential commitment or the queen bee syndrome?","volume":"43","author":"Ellemers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","article-title":"The qualitative content analysis process","volume":"62","author":"Elo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2307\/256740","article-title":"The power in demography: women's social constructions of gender identity at work","volume":"38","author":"Ely","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2198","article-title":"Queen bees and alpha males: are succesul women more competitive than succesul men?","volume":"46","author":"Faniko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2307\/2787021","article-title":"Double standards in the evaluation of men and women","volume":"59","author":"Foschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000289","article-title":"Fur-ther understanding incivility in the workplace: the effects of gender, agency, and communion","volume":"103","author":"Gabriel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9068-1","article-title":"Prejudice against women in male-congenial environments: perceptions of gender role congruity in leadership","volume":"55","author":"Garcia-Retamero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eRAMG220211","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-6971\/eramg220211.en","article-title":"Academic women: a study on the queen bee phenomenon","volume":"23","author":"Gomes Neto","year":"2022","journal-title":"RAM"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210070","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-7692bar2022210070","article-title":"Queen bee phenomenon scale: psychometric evidence in the Brazilian context","volume":"19","author":"Grangeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"BAR"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Women and workplace discrimination: Overcoming barriers to gender equality","author":"Gregory","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/DLO-04-2018-0048","article-title":"When queen bees attack women stop advancing: recognising and addressing female bullying in the workplace","volume":"32","author":"Harvey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Learn. Organ."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732316665344","article-title":"Code saturation versus meaning saturation: how many interviews are enough?","volume":"27","author":"Hennink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1558\/genl.31236","article-title":"Negotiating the tall poppy syndrome in New Zealand workplaces: women leaders managing the challenge","volume":"11","author":"Holmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gender Lang."},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"4","article-title":"Development and validation of queen bee syndrome perception inventory (QBSPI)","volume":"19","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Webology"},{"key":"ref9003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.53765\/20512201.30.3.059","article-title":"Unconscious intelligence in the skilled control of expert action","volume":"30","author":"Ivy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1056751","article-title":"Gender bias and inequity holds women back in their conservation careers","volume":"10","author":"James","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7120","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7120","article-title":"A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research","volume":"84","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pharm. Educ."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2691","article-title":"Catty, bitchy, queen bee or sister? A review of competition among women in organizations from a paradoxical-coopetition perspective","volume":"2020","author":"Kark","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/bjir.12238","article-title":"The effect of corporate social responsibility on gender diversity in the workplace: econometric evidence from Japan","volume":"56","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Relat."},{"key":"ref9004","article-title":"A sisterhood of workplace infighting","author":"Klaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19515","DOI":"10.5465\/AMBPP.2019.253","article-title":"Princess bee effect: the reverse queen bee phenomenon","volume":"2019","author":"Kremer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Proc."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.161306","article-title":"Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research","volume":"4","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Family Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000151","article-title":"Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: the APA publications and communications board task force report","volume":"73","author":"Levitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7688795","article-title":"Female rivalry at work: case of Moroccan executives in the industrial sector","volume":"1","author":"Maghni","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJTM"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10672-015-9264-7","article-title":"Overt stereotype biases and discrimination in the workplace: why haven\u2019t we fixed this by now?","volume":"27","author":"Malos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emp. Responsib. Rights J."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/17459435.2011.601701","article-title":"Tall poppies in the workplace: communication strategies used by envious others in response to successful women","volume":"12","author":"Mancl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Rep. Commun."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2017.07.004","article-title":"What \u201cblindness\u201d to gender differences helps women see and do: implications for confidence, agency, and action in male-dominated environments","volume":"142","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1108\/09649420610666579","article-title":"Venus envy: problematizing solidarity behavior and queen bees","volume":"21","author":"Mavin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Women Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12939","article-title":"\u2018I'm competitive with myself\u2019: a study of women leaders navigating neoliberal patriarchal workplaces","volume":"30","author":"Mavin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gend. Work. Organ."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.29299\/kefad.929504","article-title":"\u00d6zel Okullarda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Kad\u0131n \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin Krali\u00e7e Ar\u0131 Sendromu ile \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri","volume":"23","author":"Mert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ahi Evran \u00dcniversitesi K\u0131r\u015fehir E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2307\/4135774","article-title":"Hostility to the presence of women: why women undermine each other in the workplace and the consequences for title VII","volume":"113","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Yale"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.26710\/jbsee.v7i4.2005","article-title":"Queen bee syndrome a part of sexual politics or another gendered stereotype","volume":"7","author":"Mufti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Soc. Rev. Emerg. Econ."},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"520","article-title":"Psychological ownership in family business in the light of social identity theory","volume":"7","author":"Narcikara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"159","article-title":"Sosyal Kimlik Teorisi Perspektifiyle Krali\u00e7e Ari Sendromu","volume":"8","author":"Narcikara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Karadeniz Teknik \u00dcniv. Sosyal Bilimler"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Developing a model of jealousy expression and manifestation in organizational settings within same-and mixed-sex triads","author":"Netchaeva","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Women and work: A psychological perspective","author":"Nieva","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452233857","volume-title":"Women and men at work","author":"Padavic","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325002001003636","article-title":"Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: a personal, experiential perspective","volume":"1","author":"Patton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Qual. Soc. Work."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12597","article-title":"The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on women relative to men: a conservation of resources perspective","volume":"28","author":"Peck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gend. Work. Organ."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2008.0045","article-title":"Competent yet out in the cold: shifting criteria for hiring reflect backlash toward Agen- tic women","volume":"32","author":"Phelan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Women Q."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1108\/09649420310462361","article-title":"Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management","volume":"18","author":"Powell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Women Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.47205\/jdss.2022(3-1)21","article-title":"Analyzing \u2018queen bee syndrome\u2019 in the context of women's leadership and managerial roles through empirical research","volume":"3","author":"Raja","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900304","article-title":"Relational demography in the workplace and health: an analysis of gender and the subordinate\u2013superordinate role-set","volume":"49","author":"Schieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2012.0005","article-title":"Much ado about nothing: observers\u2019 problematization of women\u2019s same-sex conflict at work","volume":"27","author":"Sheppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Manage. Perspect."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206314539348","article-title":"Sisters at arms: a theory of female same-sex conflict and its problematization in organizations","volume":"43","author":"Sheppard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01690","article-title":"Perpetuating inequality: junior women do not see queen bee behavior as negative but are nonetheless negatively affected by it","volume":"9","author":"Sterk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/2277975220975513","article-title":"Gender stereotypes and their impact on women\u2019s career progressions from a managerial perspective","volume":"10","author":"Tabassum","year":"2021","journal-title":"IIM Kozhikode Soc. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12010012","article-title":"Are companies committed to preventing gender violence against women? The role of the manager\u2019s implicit resistance","volume":"12","author":"Vara-Horna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2015.12.004","article-title":"A bed of thorns: female leaders and the self-reinforcing cycle of illegitimacy","volume":"27","author":"Vial","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leadersh. Q."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12698","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12698","article-title":"Women's relationships with women at work: barriers to solidarity","volume":"13","author":"Webber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sociol. Compass"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12074","article-title":"Women's experience of workplace interactions in male-dominated work: the intersections of gender, sexuality and occupational group","volume":"23","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gender Work Organ."},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"The influence of the queen bee syndrome on the attitudes, behaviors, and emerging leadership styles of the millennials","author":"Wuertele","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12529","article-title":"The differential impact of COVID-19 on the work conditions of women and men academics during the lockdown","volume":"28","author":"Yildirim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gender Work Organ."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483348858.n8","article-title":"How to do better case studies","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods","author":"Yin","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.35613\/ccl.2016.1066","volume-title":"Queen bee syndrome \u2013 the real reason women do not promote women, Center for Creative Leadership","author":"Zhao","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Sociology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1554275\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T05:28:10Z","timestamp":1751347690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1554275\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1554275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1554275","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-7775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-7775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"article-number":"1554275"}}