{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:10:23Z","timestamp":1772554223349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sociol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, public communications have reported a rise in school violence. This study seeks to understand the collective subjective theories in the public discourse of experts on school violence after educational confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it aims at understanding the causes, effects, intervention strategies and contextual conditions associated with the challenges of school violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing on a documentary research design and qualitative methodology, we reconstructed subjective theories based on 109 public discourses on YouTube and Google News, by professionals in education, psychology, and other fields.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three macro-level subjective theories were identified: Social subjective theory, Educational subjective theory, and Psychological subjective theory. These offer different explanations of the causes of violence, its consequences, and appropriate intervention strategies. Social Subjective Theory emphasizes exclusion, inequality, and systemic abandonment. Psychological Subjective Theory focuses on the deterioration of students\u2019 mental health and emotional distress. Educational Subjective Theory highlights institutional fragmentation and policy contradictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal that expert discourses, besides describing the problem, shape public agendas, justify interventions, and allocate responsibility. The study highlights the public role of expert knowledge in moments of micro and macro-level institutional uncertainty, showing how subjective theories function as interpretive frameworks of educational issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1731876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T13:21:22Z","timestamp":1772544082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experts\u2019 subjective theories: how did they explain post-pandemic school violence in their public discourse through digital media?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Zelaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Subjective Theories, Department of Arts and Letters, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad de La Serena","place":["La Serena, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Castro-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Subjective Theories, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad de La Serena","place":["La Serena, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Caama\u00f1o-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s","place":["La Serena, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Carrasco-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Didactics and Educational Organization, Universidad de M\u00e1laga","place":["M\u00e1laga, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pastene-Vicencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gender, Policy and Culture, Universidad de Playa Ancha","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Gubbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Psychology and Family, Center for Psychology, Education and Family Research, Universidad Finis Terrae","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cuadra-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universidad de Atacama","place":["Copiap\u00f3, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"L\u00f3pez-Oyarz\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Subjective Theories, Department of Arts and Letters, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad de La Serena","place":["La Serena, Chile"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S284313","article-title":"The role of social media in the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic: crisis management, mental health challenges, and implications","volume":"14","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag. 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