{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1790258470401,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sociol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While restorative justice recognises communities and victims as distinct key stakeholders, important questions remain about how these categories should be distinguished and why community participation is necessary, particularly in transitional justice contexts where systematic violence may directly affect entire human groups and territories. This article addresses these questions through a conceptual analysis of Colombia\u2019s Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), focusing on Macrocase 05. It argues that, in transitional settings, the distinction between communities and collective subjects recognised as victims becomes blurred, thereby challenging the differentiated roles traditionally assigned to victims, offenders and communities in restorative justice models developed for interpersonal conflicts. Far from constituting a conceptual inconsistency, this convergence is a defining feature of the JEP\u2019s restorative model and contributes to broadening the conventional understanding of the role of communities in restorative justice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1936377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:21:49Z","timestamp":1790256109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Communities in restorative justice: insights from Colombia\u2019s Special Jurisdiction for Peace"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lorena Cecilia Vega","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Legal Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colombian-German Institute for Peace (CAPAZ)","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]},{"name":"KU Leuven","place":["Leuven, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social, Political, and International Studies, Universidad del Rosario","place":["Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e304232003-001","volume-title":"A Comparison of four Restorative Conferencing Models","author":"Bazemore","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804618","volume-title":"Crime, shame and Reintegration","author":"Braithwaite","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.26620\/uniminuto.polisemia.2.2.2006.91-107","article-title":"Justicia restaurativa y procesos restaurativos: La comunidad hace la diferencia [Restorative justice and restorative processes: community makes the difference]","volume":"2","author":"Britto Ruiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polis"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Restorative Justice in transition","author":"Clamp","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315723860","volume-title":"Restorative Justice in transitional Settings","author":"Clamp","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511761584","volume-title":"The Gacaca Courts, post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice without Lawyers","author":"Clark","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Law 1957 of 2019: Adopting the Statute for the Administration of Justice in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Judgment C-080 of 2018","year":""},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Judgment C-070 of 2018","year":""},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Judgment C-538 of 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.vj69.cdpr","article-title":"El car\u00e1cter dial\u00f3gico del proceso con reconocimiento de responsabilidad ante la Jurisdicci\u00f3n especial Para la Paz: Retos del derecho penal en contextos de justicia transicional [the dialogic character of the process in cases of recognition of responsibility before the special jurisdiction for peace: challenges for criminal law in transitional justice contexts]","volume":"69","author":"Cote Barco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vniversitas"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5294\/dika.2022.31.2.7","article-title":"La noci\u00f3n de destrucci\u00f3n en el genocidio y la protecci\u00f3n de la identidad cultural de grupos \u00e9tnicos en conflictos armados: El caso del pueblo nasa en el norte del departamento del Cauca (Colombia) [The notion of destruction in genocide and the protection of the cultural identity of ethnic groups in armed conflicts: The case of the Nasa people in northern Cauca, Colombia]","volume":"31","author":"Cote Barco","year":"2022","journal-title":"D\u00edkaion"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Restorative Justice: Principles and Practice","author":"Derby","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ijtj\/ijab031","article-title":"Meaningful engagement from the bottom-up? Taking stock of participation in transitional justice processes","volume":"16","author":"Firchow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Transit. Justice"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315717623","volume-title":"The role of Community in Restorative Justice","author":"Fonseca Rosenblatt","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Victimisation in a Multi-Disciplinary Key: Recent Advances in Victimology","author":"Friday","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/02580136.2013.810412","article-title":"Restorative justice and the South African truth and reconciliation process","volume":"32","author":"Gade","year":"2013","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Philos."},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Tejiendo de otro modo: feminismo, epistemolog\u00eda y apuestas descoloniales en Abya Yala","author":"Gargallo","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5553\/TIJRJ.000167","article-title":"Insights from Colombia: restorative transitional justice and the special jurisdiction for peace","volume":"6","author":"Greve","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Restor. Justice"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"La justicia restaurativa y los paradigmas alternativos de justicia [Restorative justice and alternative paradigms of justice]","author":"Guardiola Lago","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Restorative Justice in Transitional Settings","author":"Harbin","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.20318\/eunomia.2024.9001","article-title":"Una im-posibilidad legal. El Territorio-ser viviente, v\u00edctima del conflicto armado colombiano. Algunas reflexiones desde un di\u00e1logo colaborativo interdisciplinar [a legal im-possibility. territory as a living being, victim of the Colombian armed conflict: reflections from a collaborative interdisciplinary dialogue]","volume":"27","author":"Izquierdo Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eunom\u00eda. Rev Cultura Legal"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Handbook of Restorative Justice","author":"Johnstone","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Antropolog\u00eda Jur\u00eddica: Perspectivas Socioculturales en el Estudio del Derecho","author":"Krotz","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Restorative Justice: A Conceptual Framework","author":"Llewellyn","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.25100\/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v5i2.1516","article-title":"El feminismo no puede ser uno porque las mujeres somos diversas: Aportes a un feminismo negro decolonial desde la experiencia de las mujeres negras del Pac\u00edfico colombiano","volume":"5","author":"Lozano Lerma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Manzana Discord"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"The Why and What for of Transitional Justice: Key Issues in Colombia and Other Countries","author":"Mar\u00edn Ortiz","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"In Search of a Paradigm: A Theory of Restorative Justice","author":"McCold","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2307\/3053638","article-title":"Legal pluralism","volume":"22","author":"Merry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Law Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.26034\/fr.jehe.2024.6897","article-title":"Restorative justice and post-genocide reconciliation: ethical implications and community healing in Rwanda","volume":"5","author":"Musengimana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethics High Educ"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520936188","volume-title":"The life of the law: Anthropological Projects","author":"Nader","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Regional Analysis of the Main Sociodemographic Indicators of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous Communities based on the 2005 General Census","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370813505954","article-title":"Deeper, broader, longer transitional justice","volume":"11","author":"Nickson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Criminol."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"231","article-title":"Justicia restaurativa: un Modelo Para construir comunidad [restorative justice: a model for building community]","volume":"4","author":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Criterio Jurid."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ijtj\/ijad003","article-title":"An ecocentric turn in the transitional restorative justice process in Colombia","volume":"17","author":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Transit. Justice"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/corpusarchivos.1835","article-title":"El feminismo comunitario: La creaci\u00f3n de un pensamiento propio","volume":"7","author":"Paredes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Corpus"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"What is Criminology?","author":"Parmentier","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Building Community Support for Restorative Justice: Principles and Strategies","author":"Pranis","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Political Constitution of Colombia. Constitutional Gazette No. 116.","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"Handbook of Restorative Justice","author":"Roche","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2015.1117990","article-title":"Community participation in restorative justice: rituals, reintegration, and quasi-professionalization","volume":"11","author":"Rossner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Victims Offen"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"El Caleidoscopio de las Justicias en Colombia","author":"Santos","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Feminismos y Poscolonialidad: Descolonizando el Feminismo Desde y en Am\u00e9rica Latina","author":"Segato","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Justicia y Diversidad en Am\u00e9rica Latina: Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas Ante la Globalizaci\u00f3n","author":"Sierra","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Interpretative Judgment TP-SA-SENIT 1 of 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"ASP Agreement No. 001 of 2020, Adopting the General Rules of Procedure of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Manual for victim Participation before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace","year":""},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"Manual on Restorative transitional Justice Presidency of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace Executive Secretariat of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace","year":""},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Truth and Responsibility Acknowledgment Hearing: Case 05\u2014Northern Cauca and Southern Valle del Cauca","year":""},{"key":"ref55","volume-title":"Northern Cauca and Southern Valle del Cauca","year":""},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"JEP in Figures: March 2026","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Order No. 01 of 2023: Order Determining Facts and Conduct in the Context of the Territorial Situation of Northern Cauca and Southern Valle del Cauca","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"History and Power in the Study of Law: New Directions in Legal Anthropology","author":"Starr","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6265-201-9","volume-title":"Child Soldiers as Agents of War and Peace: A Restorative transitional Justice Approach to Accountability for Crimes under International law","author":"Steinl","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Briefing Paper No. 5","author":"Suchkova","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Restorative Justice: Healing the Foundations of our Everyday Lives","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Resisting is Not Enduring: Violence and Harms Against Colombia\u2019s Ethnic Peoples","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5842.1999.tb00012.x","volume-title":"No Future without Forgiveness","author":"Tutu","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.16192324","volume-title":"La Participaci\u00f3n De Las V\u00edctimas en la JEP y sus Efectos Restauradores","author":"Valencia Cort\u00e9s","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref67","volume-title":"Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice","author":"Van Ness","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Transitional Justice in Colombia: The Special Jurisdiction for Peace","author":"Vargas Trujillo","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.vj69.pvje","article-title":"Participaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas en la JEP: Especial referencia a los informes de las organizaciones de v\u00edctimas, \u00e9tnicas y de derechos humanos","volume":"69","author":"Vega Due\u00f1as","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vniversitas"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Contemporary Thought on Punishment","author":"Vega Due\u00f1as","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Restorative Justice in the Procedures of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia: Concepts, Principles, Practices, and Recommendations","author":"Vega Due\u00f1as","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.df.2016.09.005","article-title":"La interseccionalidad: una aproximaci\u00f3n situada a la dominaci\u00f3n","volume":"52","author":"Viveros Vigoya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Debate Femin."},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"91","article-title":"Investigating the potentials of restorative justice practice","volume":"36","author":"Walgrave","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wash. Univ. J. Law Policy"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.12827\/RVJV.4.04","article-title":"Restorative justice: Therapy and\/or reconciliation?","volume":"4","author":"Walklate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Victimol."},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Large-scale Victimisation as a Potential Source of Terrorist Activities: Importance of Regaining Security in Post-Conflict Societies","author":"Weitekamp","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and Justice","author":"Zehr","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref77","volume-title":"The Little Book of Restorative Justice","author":"Zehr","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Sociology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1936377\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:22:00Z","timestamp":1790256120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1936377\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1936377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2026.1936377","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-7775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-7775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"article-number":"1936377"}}