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Sports Act. Living"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mindfulness is the psychological state of staying attuned to the present moment, without ruminating on past or future events, and allowing thoughts, feelings, or sensations to arise without judgment or attachment. Previous work has shown that heightened dispositional mindfulness is associated with the awareness of the importance of exercise, exercise self-efficacy, exercise motivation, and self-reported exercise level. However, more methodologically rigorous studies are needed to understand the relationship between mindfulness and the psychological mechanisms related to exercise motivation, including the identification of why individuals are motivated to engage in exercise, the subjective experience of exercise, and the propensity for exercise dependence and addiction. In this cross-sectional investigation, we utilized the framework of the Self-Determination Theory to examine the hypothesis that heightened dispositional mindfulness (as measured by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) would be associated with increased levels of exercise motivation that were derived by higher levels of autonomous self-regulation. Individuals were recruited from urban areas who self-reported either low (exercising 2 or fewer times per week for 20 min or less;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 78) or moderate (exercising 1 or 2 times per week for 20 min or more;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 127) levels of exercise engagement. As hypothesized, heightened dispositional mindfulness was significantly associated with heightened levels of exercise self-determination as measured by the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire, with this effect being driven by negative associations with amotivation, external regulation, and introjected regulation. Additionally, we found that heightened dispositional mindfulness was associated with lower levels of psychological distress upon exercise and decreased exercise dependence\/addiction. Overall, increased dispositional mindfulness may support a healthy relationship with exercise. These findings have implications for the utility of mindfulness interventions to support the regulation of exercise behaviors in service of enhancing exercise motivation and engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.934657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T05:59:26Z","timestamp":1669701566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dispositional mindfulness and its relationship to exercise motivation and experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medha Kumari","family":"Satyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Gyamfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14854","article-title":"The physical activity guidelines for Americans","volume":"320","author":"Piercy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.2.111","article-title":"Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review","volume":"32","author":"Scully","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-200503000-00013","article-title":"Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Penedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2013.46.S.S12","article-title":"Exercise and physical activity in mental disorders: clinical and experimental evidence","volume":"1","author":"Zschucke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160040","article-title":"The effects of acute exercise on mood, cognition, neurophysiology, and neurochemical pathways: a review","volume":"2","author":"Basso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Plast."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-008-0054-8","article-title":"Too Little exercise and too much sitting: inactivity physiology and the need for new recommendations on sedentary behavior","volume":"2","author":"Hamilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12820\/rbafs.23e0001","article-title":"Too much sitting and too little exercise: sedentary behavior and health","volume":"23","author":"Owen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ativ F"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Prevention, Others Adult Physical Inactivity Prevalence Maps by Race\/Ethnicity Disease ControlC 2020"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"S48","article-title":"National campaigns to promote physical activity: can they make a difference?","volume":"2","author":"Cavill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/15.3.367","article-title":"Promoting physical activity: the new imperative for public health","volume":"15","author":"Sparling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Educ Res."},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"Exercise Psychology. 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