{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:49:26Z","timestamp":1791355766978,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Sports Act. Living"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth soccer players show heterogeneous performance profiles, yet individualized conditioning is often impractical outside professional settings. We examined whether a typology-based training allocation into four quadrants (\u201cQuadrant Training\u201d; QT) improves endurance- and strength-related performance compared with regular soccer training alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male U16-U17 players from two youth academies completed a non-randomized, longitudinal controlled intervention (academy-level and intervention effects are confounded); one academy served as intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938), the other as control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922). Players were classified into four endurance quadrants, i.e., below and above team mean based on 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test velocity [vIFT] and velocity at 4\u2005mmol\u00b7L\u207b\u00b9 blood lactate [V4] and four strength quadrants based on relative isometric mid-thigh pull strength [IMTP] and countermovement jump height [CMJ], completing quadrant-specific endurance training plus one weekly strength session.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between-group ANCOVA models using heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors showed the most precise effect for CMJ (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020), with V4 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.066) and vIFT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.054, favoring controls) showing smaller effects and IMTP showing no between-group difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.490). None of these effects survived correction for multiple comparisons (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.078-0.490). This CMJ effect was itself baseline-dependent, negligible at low baseline values and more pronounced at higher ones. For descriptive comparison, the intervention group improved significantly in V4, CMJ, and IMTP (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05), while controls showed no significant pre-post changes in any outcome. Exploratory individual responder analyses showed the highest proportion of improvers for V4 and IMTP, followed by CMJ.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QT proved feasible to implement as an individualized training framework, and effect sizes for V4 and CMJ suggested a beneficial impact on submaximal endurance capacity and explosive lower-body power. These preliminary findings warrant confirmation in adequately powered trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2026.1936767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:22Z","timestamp":1791352222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quadrant training: a simple typology-based approach to improve strength and endurance in youth soccer players"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Timo","family":"Steidle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Meixner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich","place":["Neubiberg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mascha","family":"Lenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelle","family":"Schaffarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Sperlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262838","article-title":"Match running performance and fitness in youth soccer","volume":"31","author":"Buchheit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-01048-8","article-title":"Match running performance in young soccer players: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Palucci Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14082","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14082","article-title":"The soccer season: performance variations and evolutionary trends","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01170-1","article-title":"High-intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports competitive match play: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"49","author":"Harper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0883-5540","article-title":"Activity profiles by position in youth elite soccer players in official matches","volume":"3","author":"Pettersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med Int Open"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01337-1","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on jump and sprint performance in young male soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Ramirez-Campillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02088-z","article-title":"The influence of playing position on physical, physiological, and technical demands in adult male soccer matches: a systematic scoping review with evidence gap map","volume":"54","author":"Sarmento","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl Nz"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34699","article-title":"Metabolic limitations of performance and fatigue in football","volume":"3","author":"Alghannam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500482529","article-title":"Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player","volume":"24","author":"Bangsbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01944-8","article-title":"The effects of strength, plyometric and combined training on strength, power and speed characteristics in high-level, highly trained male youth soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Oliver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002446","article-title":"Importance of strength and power on key performance indicators in elite youth soccer","volume":"34","author":"Wing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00019","article-title":"Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance","volume":"33","author":"Helgerud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01523-9","article-title":"Anaerobic speed\/power reserve and sport performance: scientific basis, current applications and future directions","volume":"51","author":"Sandford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bac3b9","article-title":"Velocity at lactate threshold and running economy must also be considered along with maximal oxygen uptake when testing elite soccer players during preseason","volume":"25","author":"Ziogas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e34794","article-title":"Relationship between different measures of aerobic fitness and repeated-sprint ability in elite soccer players","volume":"24","author":"Da Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952350","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/952350","article-title":"Relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in professional soccer players","volume":"2013","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.147629","article-title":"V\u02d9O2max: what do we know, and what do we still need to know?","volume":"586","author":"Levine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2165\/11590560-000000000-00000","article-title":"Repeated-sprint ability \u2013 part II: recommendations for training","volume":"41","author":"Bishop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163743","article-title":"Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215073","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters in athletic population: a review","volume":"10","author":"Mazaheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00510","article-title":"Reliability, validity and usefulness of 30\u201315 intermittent fitness test in female soccer players","volume":"7","author":"\u010covi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.010","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of the 30\u201315 intermittent fitness test: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Grgic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11792","DOI":"10.3390\/app112411792","article-title":"30\u201315 intermittent fitness test: a systematic review of studies, examining the VO2max estimation and training programming","volume":"11","author":"Stankovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01320","article-title":"The relationship between lactate and ventilatory thresholds in runners: validity and reliability of exercise test performance parameters","volume":"9","author":"Cerezuela-Espejo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0163389","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163389","article-title":"Validity and reliability of ventilatory and blood lactate thresholds in well-trained cyclists","volume":"11","author":"Pallar\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31821bc313","article-title":"Criterion and longitudinal validity of a fixed-distance incremental running test for the determination of lactate thresholds in field settings","volume":"26","author":"Torre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e328304fed4","article-title":"Methodological approach to the first and second lactate threshold in incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1364301","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of physiological parameters in elite junior distance runners following allometric scaling","volume":"17","author":"Blagrove","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939060-00003","article-title":"Lactate threshold concepts: how valid are they?","volume":"39","author":"Faude","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000005033","article-title":"Effects of polarized training vs. other training intensity distribution models on physiological variables and endurance performance in different-level endurance athletes: a scoping review","volume":"39","author":"Rivera-K\u00f6fler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535060-00004","article-title":"Physiology of soccer: an update","volume":"35","author":"St\u00f8len","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0486-0","article-title":"The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance","volume":"46","author":"Suchomel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7040114","article-title":"Scoping review of the isometric mid-thigh pull performance relationship to dynamic sport performance assessments","volume":"7","author":"Giles","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.106149","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of isometric mid-thigh pull maximum strength assessment: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Grgic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002566","article-title":"Within- and between-session reliability of the isometric midthigh pull in young female athletes","volume":"32","author":"Moeskops","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.08.011","article-title":"The countermovement jump to monitor neuromuscular status: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Claudino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.2.131","article-title":"Reliability of measures obtained during single and repeated countermovement jumps","volume":"3","author":"Cormack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200408000-00028","article-title":"Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests","volume":"18","author":"Markovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9310710","article-title":"The effect of exercise training intensity on VO2max in healthy adults: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"2022","author":"Crowley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Sports Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70598","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70598","article-title":"Meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training and alternative modalities for enhancing aerobic and anaerobic endurance in young athletes","volume":"13","author":"Matzka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3900\/fpj.2.6.357.e","article-title":"Continuous training increase on the lactate threshold improves soccer players' Performance","volume":"2","author":"Machado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fit Perform J"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01086-w","article-title":"Effects of small-sided games vs. Conventional endurance training on endurance performance in male youth soccer players: a meta-analytical comparison","volume":"49","author":"Moran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.276","article-title":"What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?","volume":"5","author":"Seiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180304570","article-title":"Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve V\u02d9O2max more than moderate training","volume":"39","author":"Helgerud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.012526","article-title":"Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players","volume":"39","author":"McMillan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0365-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO2max improvements: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Milanovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d67c38","article-title":"Effects of 5 weeks of high-intensity interval training vs. volume training in 14-year-old soccer players","volume":"25","author":"Sperlich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01236-0","article-title":"The minimum effective training dose required to increase 1RM strength in resistance-trained men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Androulakis-Korakakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b86c40","article-title":"Effects of a back squat training program on leg power, jump, and sprint performances in junior soccer players","volume":"23","author":"Chelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00164","article-title":"Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: a conceptual model for long-term athlete development","volume":"7","author":"Granacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002200","article-title":"Strength and hypertrophy adaptations between low- vs. High-load resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f","article-title":"Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players","volume":"24","author":"Chelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c1fa83","article-title":"Power output in the jump squat in adolescent male athletes","volume":"25","author":"Dayne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00568-6","article-title":"Plyometric-jump training effects on physical fitness and sport-specific performance according to maturity: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ramirez-Campillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001387","article-title":"National strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development","volume":"30","author":"Lloyd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002968","article-title":"Individualized endurance training based on recovery and training status in recreational runners","volume":"54","author":"Nuuttila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02071-8","article-title":"Assessment of strength and power capacities in elite male soccer: a systematic review of test protocols used in practice and research","volume":"54","author":"Asimakidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001309","article-title":"Positional match running performance in elite gaelic football","volume":"30","author":"Malone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.17.07950-6","article-title":"Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Slimani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181635b2e","article-title":"The 30\u201315 intermittent fitness test: accuracy for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players","volume":"22","author":"Buchheit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1519\/R-13213.1","article-title":"The relationship between vertical jump power estimates and weightlifting ability: a field-test approach","volume":"18","author":"Carlock","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00919","article-title":"Session rating of perceived exertion is a superior method to monitor internal training loads of functional fitness training sessions performed at different intensities when compared to training impulse","volume":"11","author":"Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations inR","volume":"45","author":"Van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/86.4.948","article-title":"Miscellanea. Small-sample degrees of freedom with multiple imputation","volume":"86","author":"Barnard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0056","article-title":"Reliability of the 30\u201315 intermittent fitness test in semiprofessional soccer players","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001830","article-title":"Between-session reliability of isometric midthigh pull kinetics and maximal power clean performance in male youth soccer players","volume":"32","author":"Dos'Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0007-y","article-title":"Running economy: measurement, norms, and determining factors","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719434","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.719434","article-title":"Under the hood: skeletal muscle determinants of endurance performance","volume":"3","author":"Van Der Zwaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/205427","article-title":"High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training affect running economy in endurance runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"100","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02120-2","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial and capillary growth in human skeletal muscle: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"55","author":"M\u00f8lmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05532-0","article-title":"The effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on athletes' Aerobic endurance performance parameters","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16558-9","article-title":"Relationship between sprint, jump, dynamic balance with the change of direction on young soccer players' Performance","volume":"12","author":"Falces-Prieto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2013.04.006","article-title":"The relationship between sprint ability, agility and vertical jump performance in young soccer players","volume":"30","author":"K\u00f6kl\u00fc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/sports4010011","article-title":"Relationship of two vertical jumping tests to sprint and change of direction speed among male and female collegiate soccer players","volume":"4","author":"McFarland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319548","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319548","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training on jump, sprint, and change of direction performance in adolescent soccer player: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00374","article-title":"Effects of in season multi-directional plyometric training on vertical jump performance, change of direction speed and dynamic postural control in U-21 soccer players","volume":"11","author":"Jlid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b1f330","article-title":"Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players","volume":"23","author":"Meylan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x","article-title":"High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis","volume":"43","author":"Buchheit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1863644","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training in men soccer player's Physical fitness: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled and non-controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Manuel Clemente","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2165\/11539740-000000000-00000","article-title":"Physiology of small-sided games training in football: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Hill-Haas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-865839","article-title":"Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players","volume":"27","author":"Impellizzeri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0180-5","article-title":"A meta-comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval training to those of small-sided games and other training protocols on parameters related to the physiology and performance of youth soccer players","volume":"5","author":"Kunz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med - Open"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11030059","article-title":"Effects of concurrent high-intensity and strength training on muscle power and aerobic performance in young soccer players during the pre-season","volume":"11","author":"Thomakos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2025.764","article-title":"Classifying soccer players based on physical capacities and match-specific running performance using machine learning","volume":"24","author":"De Haan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0086","article-title":"The impact of different encouragement strategies on performance during maximal aerobic exercise tests: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Ketelhut","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12454","article-title":"A call to action towards an evidence-based approach to using verbal encouragement during maximal exercise testing","volume":"38","author":"Midgley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0335","article-title":"The 30\u201315 intermittent fitness test versus the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1: relationship and sensitivity to training","volume":"9","author":"Buchheit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/sports8050063","article-title":"The relationship between isometric force-time characteristics and dynamic performance: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Lum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095497","article-title":"Effects and dose\u2013response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Lesinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822dcd96","article-title":"Effects of in-season strength maintenance training frequency in professional soccer players","volume":"25","author":"R\u00f8nnestad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2-161","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208","article-title":"Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement","volume":"12","author":"Bourdon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/22054952.2020.1836753","article-title":"Interdisciplinary teamwork artefacts and practices: a typology for promoting successful teamwork in engineering education","volume":"25","author":"Beddoes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas J Eng Educ"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2016.124","article-title":"BKViz: a basketball visual analysis tool","volume":"36","author":"Losada","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2011.567107","article-title":"Athlete perceptions of the impacts of performance profiling","volume":"9","author":"Weston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924294","article-title":"Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer","volume":"28","author":"Di Salvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0851-7","article-title":"Talent identification and development in male football: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Sarmento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0480","article-title":"Reliability, familiarization effect, and comparisons between a predetermined and a self-determined isometric-squat testing protocol","volume":"18","author":"McGoldrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01307-7","article-title":"Free-weight resistance training in youth athletes: a narrative review","volume":"50","author":"McQuilliam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002673","article-title":"Isometric midthigh pull characteristics in elite youth male soccer players: comparisons by age and maturity offset","volume":"34","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.003","article-title":"Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: one size does not fit all","volume":"10","author":"Towlson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823a3e2d","article-title":"Concurrent training: a meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541221099846","article-title":"Concurrent training in team sports: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Seipp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01943-9","article-title":"Concurrent strength and endurance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of sex and training status","volume":"54","author":"Huiberts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl Nz"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-06026-3","article-title":"Stronger hearts, weaker leaps? The cardiac power paradox in elite soccer","volume":"126","author":"Papadakis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2010.481334","article-title":"Comparison of physical and technical performance in European soccer match-play: FA Premier League and La Liga","volume":"11","author":"Dellal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031799","article-title":"Characterization of static strength, vertical jumping, and isokinetic strength in soccer players according to age, competitive level, and field position","volume":"20","author":"Gouveia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.711484","article-title":"Yo-yo IR2 testing of elite and sub-elite soccer players: performance, heart rate response and correlations to other interval tests","volume":"30","author":"Ingebrigtsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2024.2343579","article-title":"Longitudinal match running performance analysis of soccer in professional European leagues: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Ponce-Bord\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031133","article-title":"A longitudinal exploration of match running performance during a football match in the Spanish La Liga: a four-season study","volume":"18","author":"Pons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13080244","article-title":"Shaping training load, technical\u2013tactical behaviour, and well-being in football: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Afonso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fspor.2026.1936767\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:24Z","timestamp":1791352224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fspor.2026.1936767\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fspor.2026.1936767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2026.1936767","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-9367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-9367","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"1936767"}}