{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:19:42Z","timestamp":1774315182329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Malignant melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, and its incidence rate increases with age. Malignant melanoma in infants has been rarely reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of malignant transformation of a nodular lesion found in the penis of a patient with a giant congenital nevus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Case presentation:<\/jats:bold> A 1-month-old male patient was admitted due to the presence of a giant congenital nevus involving the lower abdomen, bilateral inguinal areas, genitals, and left thigh and knee. Six months later, nodules measuring 1 cm in diameter protruding from the genital area were noted, and a part of the nodule was removed via elliptical excision with the patient under general anesthesia. Gross examination showed an edematous lesion similar to a neurofibroma and with unclear boundaries. Biopsy revealed a malignant melanoma, with a Breslow thickness of at least 3 mm, and absence of lymphovascular invasion; the biopsy confirmed incomplete excision. The patient was scheduled for radical resection, but reconstruction was not performed following surgical resection due to the guardian's refusal. Hence, the patient only received an adjuvant medical treatment and eventually died.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> We reported a rare case of an infant with a malignant melanoma in the penis. Congenital malignant melanoma rarely occurs in infants; however, due to its fatal consequences, follow-up should be performed to assess for malignant changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.594803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1608644682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transformation of Malignant Melanoma From Giant Nevus in Infantile Penis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dong Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Ha","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.06.002","article-title":"Melanoma incidence rises for children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review of pediatric melanoma in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Austin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.899","article-title":"Pediatric melanoma: risk factor and survival analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database","volume":"23","author":"Strouse","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.043","article-title":"New recommendations for the categorization of cutaneous features of congenital melanocytic nevi","volume":"68","author":"Krengel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07218.x","article-title":"Melanoma risk in congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Krengel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15301","article-title":"Melanoma in congenital melanocytic naevi","volume":"176","author":"Kinsler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120602","article-title":"Congenital and infantile melanoma: Review of the literature and report of an uncommon variant, pigment-synthesizing melanoma","volume":"47","author":"Richardson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.83","article-title":"Neonatal giant congenital nevi with proliferative nodules: a Clinicopathologic Study and Literature Review of Neonatal Melanoma","volume":"140","author":"Leech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.16.3622","article-title":"Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system","volume":"19","author":"Balch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2017.731","article-title":"Penile melanoma: a 20-Year analysis of six patients at the National Cancer Institute of Peru, Lima","volume":"11","author":"Jabiles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.06.006","article-title":"Adjuvant interferon-\u03b1 for the treatment of high-risk melanoma: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Ives","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2020.594803\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T13:44:44Z","timestamp":1608644684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2020.594803\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2020.594803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2020.594803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"article-number":"594803"}}