{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:33:51Z","timestamp":1753893231287,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the rare case of a 2.5 cm in size mass diagnostic for residual thymus associated with venous vascular malformation (ISSVA classification, 2008) in a 58 years old man. Diagnosis was obtained only after surgical removal that was complicated by a sudden massive bleeding (about 1,500 cc) requiring emergency conversion to median sternotomy. Difficulty in preoperative diagnosis, rarity of histologic pattern, and surgical challenges make this case very interesting for surgeons, pathologists and radiologist. Our message, dealing with mediastinal masses, is: (a) differential diagnosis between the more frequent solid antero-superior mediastinal tumors and vascular malformation should be always considered (b) preoperative angiography should always be performed in case of uncertain diagnosis (c) coil embolization should always be considered to reduce potentially fatal bleeding (d) histologic differentiation with other thymic neoplasms must be always considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.624615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T07:34:49Z","timestamp":1610523289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Multidisciplinary Approach for a Rare Case of Thymic Vascular Malformation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Raveglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Moneghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Cariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Baisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Guttadauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Scarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics","volume":"69","author":"Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"ISSVA Classification of Vascular Anomalies2018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-16-19","article-title":"Procedures and operating instructions for diagnosis in vascular anomalies and pathology","volume":"111","author":"Moneghini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathologica."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-323","article-title":"Cavernous hemangioma of thymus misdiagnosed as thymoma: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.04.044","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation in the anterior mediastinum","volume":"90","author":"Tennyson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S188","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2019.05.06","article-title":"Update in diagnostic imaging of the thymus and anterior mediastinal masses","volume":"8","author":"Gentili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.192863","article-title":"Percutaneous computed tomography-guided aspiration and biopsy of intrathoracic lesions: results of 265 procedures","volume":"33","author":"Neyaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung India."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"16838","article-title":"Coil embolization for a vast and complex arteriovenous malformation in the posterior mediastinum","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11698","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013509","article-title":"Cavernous hemangioma of the thymus: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1742-1","article-title":"CT and MRI manifestations of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma and a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0455.2000.041005453.x","article-title":"Differentiation of vascular birthmarks by MR imaging. 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