{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1783033636880,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> This randomized, controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia on catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) in patients who underwent abdominal operation with urinary catheterization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 150 patients scheduled for abdominal operation under anesthesia with urinary catheterization were randomized to receive general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 74, GA + EA group) or general anesthesia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 76, GA group). The occurrence and severity of CRBD, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 0 hour (h), 0.5, 1, and 3 h after tracheal extubation. Besides, postoperative adverse events were assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The occurrence and severity of CRBD at 0, 0.5, 1, and 3 h were all reduced in GA + EA group compared to GA group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, subgroup analyses showed that the reduction of occurrence and severity of CRBD in GA + EA group compared to GA group was more obvious in male patients and patients \u226550 years. Besides, SBP at 0, 0.5, 1, and 3 h, as well as DBP at 0, 0.5, and 3 h were all decreased in GA + EA group compared to GA group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), while HR was increased at 0 h in GA + EA group compared to GA group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.034). Moreover, the occurrence of pain, severity of pain and occurrence of vomiting were similar between GA + EA group and GA group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> General anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia decreases CRBD occurrence and severity with tolerable safety compared with general anesthesia in patients who undergo abdominal operation with urinary catheterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.658598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T19:17:50Z","timestamp":1630955870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Occurrence and Severity of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort of General Anesthesia Plus Epidural Anesthesia vs. General Anesthesia in Abdominal Operation With Urinary Catheterization: A Randomized, Controlled 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