{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T03:13:32Z","timestamp":1779938012664,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute craniocerebral injury is a common traumatic disease in clinical practice, characterized by rapid changes in condition and a high rate of death and disability. Early and effective emergency care throughout the pre-hospital and in-hospital period is the key to reducing the rate of death and disability and promoting the recovery of patients. In this study, we conducted an observational study of 130 patients with acute craniocerebral injury admitted between May 2020 and May 2021. Patients were randomly divided into a regular group and an optimization group of 65 patients each, with patients in the regular group receiving the conventional emergency care model and patients in the optimization group receiving the pre-hospital and in-hospital optimal emergency care process for intervention. In this study, we observed and compared the time taken to arrive at the scene, assess the condition, attend to the patient and provide emergency care, the success rate of emergency care within 48 h, the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) after admission and 1 day before discharge, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) after resuscitation and 1 day before discharge, and the complications of infection, brain herniation, central hyperthermia, and electrolyte disturbances in both groups. We collected and statistically analyzed the recorded data. The results showed that the time taken to arrive at the consultation site, assess the condition, receive the consultation, provide first aid was significantly lower in the optimized group than in the regular group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); the success rate of treatment was significantly higher in the optimized group than in the regular group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In both groups, IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 decreased on the day before discharge compared with the day of rescue, with the levels of each index lower in the optimization group than in the regular group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); the NIHSS scores decreased and the SF-36 scores increased on the day before discharge compared with the successful rescue in both groups, with the NIHSS scores in the optimization group lower than in the regular group and the SF-36 scores higher than in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The overall complication rate in the optimization group was significantly lower than that in the regular group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). This shows that optimizing pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency care procedures can significantly shorten the time to emergency care for patients with acute craniocerebral injury, increase the success rate, reduce inflammation, improve neurological function and quality of life, reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve patient prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.830571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T05:04:10Z","timestamp":1642395850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Effectiveness of Pre-hospital and In-hospital Optimized Emergency Care Procedures for Patients With Acute Craniocerebral Trauma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812757","article-title":"Detection of brain activation in unresponsive patients with acute brain injury","volume":"380","author":"Claassen","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00975-7","article-title":"Ketamine as an anesthetic for patients with acute brain injury: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Gregers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010904.pub3","article-title":"Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure-lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochr Datab Syst Rev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8918","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15641","article-title":"Osteopontin as a candidate of therapeutic application for the acute brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.016","article-title":"Neuroprotection care bundle implementation to decrease acute brain injury in preterm infants","volume":"110","author":"Murthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.285561","article-title":"The role of carbon dioxide in acute brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Gas Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002573","article-title":"Acute brain injury in infant venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an autopsy study","volume":"22","author":"Caturegli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0240528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240528","article-title":"An analysis of emergency care delays experienced by traumatic brain injury patients presenting to a regional referral hospital in a low-income country","volume":"15","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001042","article-title":"Emergency department care of young children at risk for traumatic brain injury: what are we doing and do parents understand?","volume":"35","author":"Reilly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-019-00455-0","article-title":"Improper monitoring and deviations from physiologic treatment goals in patients with brain injury in the early phases of emergency care","volume":"35","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2018.08.001","article-title":"Regional whole-course trauma care - 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