{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:38:29Z","timestamp":1791999509084,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) proposed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) irrespective of the duration of symptoms. This retrospective study assessed the impact of utility of TG18 in early LC for ACC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2018 to 2020, 66 patients with mild (grade I) and moderate (grade II) ACC who underwent early surgery were studied. Subgroup analyses were based on timing of surgery and operation time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32 and 34 patients were operated within and beyond 7 days since ACC onset. More patients with grade II ACC were in the beyond 7 days group (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). More patients with enlarged gallbladder were in the within 7 days group (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The duration of symptoms to admission, symptoms to LC, and operation time were longer in the beyond 7 days group (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). There were no significant differences regarding intraoperative blood loss, conversion to bail-out procedures, complication rate, hospital stay, and cost between the two groups (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Longer operation time was significantly associated with duration of symptoms to admission, symptoms to LC, and conversion to laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a subset of carefully selected patients, applying TG18 in early LC for mild and moderate ACC results in acceptable clinical outcomes. Standardized safe steps and conversion to LSC in difficult cases are important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1022258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T14:04:59Z","timestamp":1673877899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utility of Tokyo Guidelines 2018 in early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild and moderate acute calculus cholecystitis: A retrospective cohort 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