{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:44:05Z","timestamp":1775011445937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarize the anesthetic management of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases were searched to identify all case reports of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation. Information such as clinical characteristics, perioperative management and patients\u2019 outcomes were abstracted and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-seven case reports with 85 patients aging from 34 days to 81 years were included. Mediastinal masses were located in anterior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948), superior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), middle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) and posterior (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) mediastinum, respectively. Clinical manifestations included dyspnea (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945), cough (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929), chest or radiating pain (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), swelling (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), fever (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) and chest distress (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Most patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975) had signs of compression or invasion of vital structures. General anesthesia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200976) was the most commonly used method of anesthesia. Muscle relaxants were administered in 35 patients during anesthesia induction and spontaneous respiration was maintained in 37 patients. Mediastinal mass syndrome (MMS) occurred in 39 cases. Extracorporeal circulation was utilized in 20 patients intraoperatively. Three patients experienced cardiac arrest after ventilation failure and two patients died intraoperatively and one postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri-operative management of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation could be challenging. Pre-operative multi-disciplinary discussion, well-planned anesthetic management and pre-determined protocols for emergency situations are all vital to patient safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1033349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T05:13:37Z","timestamp":1666934017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anesthetic management of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jie-chao","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-shuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-xian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-tai","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Evidence in Cardiovascular Anesthesia(EICA) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197505000-00038","article-title":"Respiratory obstruction associated with induction of general anesthesia in a patient with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease","volume":"54","author":"Bittar","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328324b7f8","article-title":"Perioperative anaesthetic management of mediastinal mass in adults","volume":"26","author":"Erdos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253215578931","article-title":"Pediatric anterior mediastinal mass: a review article","volume":"19","author":"Pearson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-01026-6","article-title":"A case of an unexpected posterior mediastinal functional paraganglioma: case report and literature review","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001142","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a patient with an anterior mediastinal mass undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the prone position: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Armas","year":"2020","journal-title":"A A Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-01041-7","article-title":"Awake intubation and extraluminal use of uniblocker for one-lung ventilation in a patient with a large mediastinal mass a case report","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320879","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2320879","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a patient with a giant pericardial cyst compressing the right atrium","volume":"2019","author":"Mohammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17650","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017650","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the anesthetic management of a patient with a massive goiter causing severe tracheal obstruction with positional symptoms","volume":"98","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_788_18","article-title":"Comprehensive perioperative management of an infant with huge mediastinal mass","volume":"13","author":"Diwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.03.023","article-title":"Anesthetic considerations in a patient with large anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"33","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1804797","article-title":"Anesthesia in a patient with a large mediastinal mass","volume":"379","author":"Hartigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4895263","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4895263","article-title":"Intraoperative tracheal obstruction management among patients with anterior mediastinal masses","volume":"2018","author":"Kafrouni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2018227022","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227022","article-title":"Perioperative management of an anterior mediastinal teratoma in an infant: one more tool in the toolbox","volume":"2018","author":"Brenn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2018.11.026","article-title":"Exacerbation of mediastinal tumor syndrome during general anesthesia for a large posterior mediastinal tumor in children: a case report","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"76","article-title":"Anesthetic management of an infant presenting with an intrapericardial tumor: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Golmohammadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Tehran Heart Cent"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15820","DOI":"10.3877\/j.issn.2095-8242.2017.80.145","article-title":"Anaesthesia management of mediastinal tumor with severe compression of trachea: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.03.037","article-title":"An unusual finding in a woman undergoing resection of a large anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"32","author":"Freed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_194_16","article-title":"Anesthetic challenges of extrinsic trachea-bronchial compression due to posterior mediastinal mass our experience with a large esophageal mucocele","volume":"20","author":"Saipriya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-017-0098-1","article-title":"Anesthetic management of cesarean section in a patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Kusajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"JA Clin Rep"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.03.040","article-title":"Incidental posterior mediastinal paraganglioma: the safe approach to management, case report","volume":"35","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Largacha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000435","article-title":"VV-ECMO-assisted high-risk endobronchial stenting as rescue for asphyxiating mediastinal mass","volume":"25","author":"Nokes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-3141.2017.33.155","article-title":"Anaesthesia management for giant thyroidectomy","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Latest Med Inf (Electronic Version)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2017.81557","article-title":"Anaesthetic management of a child with a massive mediastinal mass","volume":"45","author":"Ay\u015fe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"103","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a patient with central airway compression due to posterior mediastinal mass","volume":"55","author":"Sulen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000510322.61298.fb","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of an adult with a mediastinal mass","volume":"44","author":"Dudley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2016.03.019","article-title":"Use of a sternal elevator to reverse complete airway obstruction secondary to anterior mediastinal mass in an anesthetized child","volume":"8","author":"Maria","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2014208533","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-208533","article-title":"An unusual cause of stridor in an adult: mediastinal foregut duplication cyst","volume":"2015","author":"Wooles","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23A","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.2254405","article-title":"Prone positioning for cardiorespiratory collapse in an adult patient with anterior mediastinal mass after general anesthesia","volume":"148","author":"Scheele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.04.103","article-title":"Surgical and anesthetic management of a mediastinal fatty tumor: lipoblastoma","volume":"100","author":"Al-Mubarak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.30","article-title":"An anterior mediastinal mass: delayed airway compression and using a double lumen tube for airway patency","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.130840","article-title":"Anaesthesia for mediastinal mass","volume":"58","author":"Thakur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2014.01.009","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a large mediastinal mass for tracheal stent placement","volume":"66","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.06.104","article-title":"Awake cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent hemodynamic collapse and loss of airway in a severely symptomatic patient with a mediastinal mass","volume":"98","author":"Said","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.05.011","article-title":"Cardiovascular collapse and hypoxemia in a man with a right-sided mediastinal mass, undiagnosed atrial septal defect, and right-to-left shunt","volume":"26","author":"Brain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2013.12.029","article-title":"Challenging perioperative management of a massive anterior mediastinal mass in a symptomatic adult","volume":"28","author":"Fabbro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0163-4","article-title":"Novel use of a guidewire to facilitate intubation in an obstructing anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"61","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2013009020","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009020","article-title":"A 21-year-old woman with mediastinal mass and cardiac arrest","volume":"2013","author":"Al-Sanouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12300","article-title":"Management of mediastinal syndromes in pediatrics: a new challenge of ultrasound guidance to avoid high-risk general anesthesia","volume":"24","author":"Sola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.119183","article-title":"Posterior mediastinal mass: do we need to worry much?","volume":"16","author":"Lalwani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2013.65.6.583","article-title":"Propofol and remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia and the preservation of spontaneous respiration for a patient with mediastinal mass","volume":"65","author":"Rim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/ases.12067","article-title":"Successful thoracoscopic removal of a giant teratoma following extraction of cystic conponents: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J Endosc Surg"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-1416.2013.12.025","article-title":"Mass resection of posterior mediastinal castleman disease in a patient with severe paraneoplastic pemphigoid: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2012.62.5.474","article-title":"Anesthesia for massive retrosternal goiter with severe intrathoracic tracheal narrowing: the challenges imposed -A case report","volume":"62","author":"Peter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.94910","article-title":"Anesthetic management of superior vena cava syndrome due to anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"28","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9780-y","article-title":"Case report: giant cardiac malignancy in a nine-year-old female","volume":"59","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-011-1251-z","article-title":"Large mediastinal tumor in a neonate: an anesthetic challenge","volume":"26","author":"Gautam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1673-4904.2012.27.032","article-title":"Anaesthesia treatment of bilateral thorax and anterior mediastinal giant tumor resection: case report","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821f9c95","article-title":"Airway collapse with an anterior mediastinal mass despite spontaneous ventilation in an adult","volume":"113","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782391","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/782391","article-title":"Anesthetic evaluation and perioperative management in a patient with new onset mediastinal mass syndrome presenting for emergency surgery","volume":"2011","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03681.x","article-title":"Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for mediastinal mass surgery improves anesthetic management in pediatric patients","volume":"21","author":"Geniets","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03607.x","article-title":"Use of BiPAP for safe anesthesia in a child with a large anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"21","author":"Bassanezi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2010.59.3.206","article-title":"Patient repositioning and the amelioration of airway obstruction by an anterior mediastinal tumor during general anesthesia -A case report-","volume":"59","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"104","volume-title":"A case of anaesthesia management for giant nodular goiter","author":"Chen","year":"2010"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"389","volume-title":"Anesthetic management of giant with mediastinal tumor resection in 4 case [C]","author":"Yang","year":"2009"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132009001000012","article-title":"Asymptomatic giant mediastinal mass: a rare case of thymolipoma","volume":"35","author":"Mourad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-010-0946-x","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine for anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"24","author":"Abdelmalak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"48","article-title":"Surgical management of tracheal compression caused by mediastinal goiter: is extracorporeal circulation requisite?","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"74","article-title":"Anesthesia experience in 2 patients with large mediastinal tumor","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J ShanDong Med"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000235247.10880.F8","article-title":"A child with anterior mediastinal mass supported with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"7","author":"Frey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B60","first-page":"55","article-title":"Anesthetic management of a patient with a mediastinal foregut duplication cyst: a case report","volume":"73","author":"Gopp","year":"2005","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"397","article-title":"A case of severe traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in children under anesthesia","volume":"4","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J YunNan Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-004-0144-6","article-title":"Lateral position prevents respiratory occlusion during surgical procedure under general anesthesia in the patient of huge anterior mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma","volume":"52","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01011.x","article-title":"Anaesthetic consequences for a child with complex multilevel airway obstruction\u2014recommendations for avoiding life-threatening sequelae","volume":"13","author":"Dilworth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B64","first-page":"265","article-title":"1 Case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infant: anesthesia experience","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hebei Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00664.x","article-title":"Mediastinal mass obscured by a large pericardial effusion in a child: a potential cause of serious anaesthetic morbidity","volume":"11","author":"Dilworth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2001.21988","article-title":"Mediastinal mass resection: femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass before induction of anesthesia in the management of airway obstruction","volume":"15","author":"Tempe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-2600.2000.01.150","article-title":"Anaesthesia management for resection of a large anterior mediastinal tumor:a case report","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J FuJian Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1999.00413.x","article-title":"Anaesthetic management of an infant with anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"9","author":"Vas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04617.x","article-title":"Anesthesia of a patient with an obstructing tracheal mass: a new way to manage the airway","volume":"41","author":"Licker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00961.x","article-title":"Anterior mediastinal masses: an anaesthetic challenge","volume":"54","author":"Goh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199604000-00026","article-title":"General anesthesia in a child with a dynamic, vascular anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"84","author":"Furst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199601000-00037","article-title":"The use of heliox and the laryngeal mask airway in a child with an anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"82","author":"Polaner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B73","first-page":"497","article-title":"Use of the laryngeal mask airway in managing a patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass: a case report","volume":"64","author":"Hattamer","year":"1996","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9502300515","article-title":"Anaesthesia for an anterior mediastinal mass with ketamine and midazolam infusion","volume":"23","author":"Frawley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00028-3","article-title":"Asymptomatic undetected mediastinal mass: a death during ambulatory anesthesia","volume":"7","author":"Viswanathan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"B76","first-page":"361","article-title":"Anesthesia for resection of a giant mediastinal teratoma: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Fourth Milit Med Univ"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005493","article-title":"Airway obstruction during anaesthesia in a child with a mediastinal mass","volume":"37","author":"Montange","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05601.x","article-title":"A boy with an anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"43","author":"John","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)64915-5","article-title":"Mediastinal mass and tracheal obstruction during general anesthesia","volume":"63","author":"Prakash","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198402000-00012","article-title":"The anesthetic management of the patient with an anterior mediastinal mass","volume":"60","author":"Neuman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E175","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.02.55","article-title":"Management of large mediastinal masses: surgical and anesthesiological considerations","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9539-x","article-title":"Anesthetic management of patients with an anterior mediastinal mass: continuing professional development","volume":"58","author":"Blank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000247","article-title":"The anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal masses in children: a review","volume":"57","author":"Brenn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20702","article-title":"Anaesthetic outcome and predictive risk factors in children with mediastinal tumours","volume":"48","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1033349\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T05:14:04Z","timestamp":1666934044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1033349\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1033349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1033349","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"article-number":"1033349"}}