{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:08:49Z","timestamp":1792822129507,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fournier gangrene (FG) is a life-threatening disease affecting the soft tissues of the genital, perineal, and perianal regions. This retrospective study aimed to summarize the characteristics of FG and evaluate the effects of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). We analyzed clinical data of 36 patients with FG admitted to our department. Thirty-four cases had perianal and external genital infections, and the other two had secondary infection of the urinary fistula after trauma and retroperitoneal abscess, respectively. Monomicrobial, polymicrobial, culture-negative, and fungal infections were identified in 16, 17, 2, and 1 cases, respectively. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic> were the most common pathogens. The mortality rate was 8%. Twenty-seven and nine patients were treated with NPWT (group A) and conventional dressing (group B), respectively. The length of stay was 38.0\u2009\u00b1\u200916.1 and 51.0\u2009\u00b1\u200917.3 days, number of operations were 3 (3,6) and 13 (4,17), and wound healing times were 39.2\u2009\u00b1\u200918.1 and 66.5\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1 days in groups A and B, respectively. Taken together, clinicians should always consider the possibility of perianal or external genital infections progressing to FG in the daily work, especially for patients with diabetes mellitus. <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic> are the most common causative pathogens, and NPWT is an effective adjuvant therapy for wound management with fewer operations and a shorter wound healing time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1673009682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characteristics of Fournier gangrene and evaluation of the effects of negative-pressure wound therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000445695","article-title":"Fournier\u2019s gangrene: epidemiology and outcomes in the general US population","volume":"97","author":"Sorensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.208","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality in Fournier gangrene: a single center experience","volume":"20","author":"Pehlivanl\u0131","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2017.02.043","article-title":"Case series of Fournier\u2019s gangrene: affected body surface area-the underestimated prognostic factor","volume":"16","author":"Morais","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D","article-title":"The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287215584740","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of Fournier\u2019s gangrene","volume":"7","author":"Chennamsetty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2019-0114","article-title":"Fournier\u2019s gangrene and intravenous drug abuse: an unusual case report and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Zingaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.12.030","article-title":"Fournier\u2019s gangrene mortality: a 17-year systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"El-Qushayri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12357","article-title":"Fournier\u2019s gangrene current approaches","volume":"13","author":"Ozkan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.02.067","article-title":"Microbiological aspects of Fournier\u2019s gangrene","volume":"40","author":"Yilmazlar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.040","article-title":"Distinctions between Fournier\u2019s gangrene and lower extremity necrotising fasciitis: microbiology and factors affecting mortality","volume":"122","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.Sup3.S1","article-title":"[EWMA document]. EWMA document: negative pressure wound therapy","volume":"26","author":"Apelqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v18i.6797","article-title":"Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with negative-pressure wound therapy in the treatment strategy of fournier\u2019s gangrene -A retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Michalczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075968\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T12:54:44Z","timestamp":1673009684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075968\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1075968","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"article-number":"1075968"}}