{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:47:20Z","timestamp":1790282840265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare disease that originates from leptomeningeal melanocytes in the central nervous system. Meningeal melanocytoma is generally considered benign, and has a good prognosis following complete surgical resection. Reports of the malignant transformation and spread of these tumors are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 19 year old female presented with headache, progressive limb weakness, and dyspnea. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dumbbell-shaped lesion at C1\u2013C2 that was hyperintense on T1 weighted images and showed strong contrast enhancement. Total resection was achieved using a posterior midline approach. Post-operative pathology showed meningeal melanocytoma. The tumor recurred 9 months later with intracranial spread. Resection of the lesion revealed malignant transformation to meningeal melanoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meningeal melanocytoma harbors malignant potential even with total resection. Radiotherapy could be considered to prevent disease recurrence and progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.789256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1648501385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Malignant Transformation and Metastatic Spread of Dumbbell-Shaped Meningeal Melanocytoma of the Cervical Spine: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shuang-lin","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199907000-00001","article-title":"Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous systems","volume":"23","author":"Brat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.5.451","article-title":"Malignant transformation of spinal meningeal melanocytoma. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197211)30:5<1286::AID-CNCR2820300522>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Meningeal melanocytoma (\u201cmelanotic meningioma\u201d). Its melanocytic origin as revealed by electron microscopy","volume":"30","author":"Limas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12443","article-title":"Intraventricular melanocytoma diagnosis confirmed by gene mutation profile","volume":"38","author":"Knappe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18783","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018783","article-title":"Primary pigmented meningeal melanocytoma originating in Meckel cave in a patient with carney complex: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Al-Abdulwahhab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0635-8","article-title":"Primary meningeal melanocytoma of the sellar region: review of the literature and differential diagnosis with special reference to angiographical features","volume":"18","author":"Sakata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_235_18","article-title":"Primary meningeal melanocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle associated with ipsilateral nevus of Ota: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Elbadry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.05.035","article-title":"Meningeal melanocytoma of the posterior fossa: case report and literature review","volume":"63","author":"Fagundes-Pereyra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.017","article-title":"Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system","volume":"17","author":"Liubinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199211000-00023","article-title":"Meningeal melanocytoma of the C8 nerve root: case report","volume":"31","author":"Tatagiba","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699650040395","article-title":"Spinal meningeal melanocytoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Sankhla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E140","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000051879.20360.8A","article-title":"Lumbar spinal meningeal melanocytoma of the l3 nerve root with paraspinal extension: a case report","volume":"28","author":"Goyal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0782-6","article-title":"Intermediate grade meningeal melanocytoma of cervical spine","volume":"25","author":"El-Khashab","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.5272-11.0","article-title":"Craniovertebral junction melanocytoma: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Bhargava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2773-x","article-title":"Bifocal extra- and intradural melanocytoma of the spine: case report and literature review","volume":"22","author":"Foit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.150","article-title":"A rapidly growing cervical meningeal melanocytoma with a dumbbell-shaped extension","volume":"134","author":"Miura","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2987","article-title":"MR imaging findings of the intraspinal meningeal melanocytoma: correlation with histopathologic findings","volume":"33","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025628802228","article-title":"Meningeal melanocytoma: an aggressive course for a benign tumor","volume":"64","author":"Bydon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20296","article-title":"Therapy of meningeal melanocytomas","volume":"100","author":"Rades","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-2006-8","article-title":"Spinal meningeal melanocytomas: clinical manifestations, radiological and pathological characteristics, surgical outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.12.004","article-title":"Intradural extramidullary dorsal melanocytoma in the adult: case report and review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Armocida","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E748","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001945","article-title":"Surgical strategy for spinal dumbbell tumors: a new classification and surgical outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2012.01288.x","article-title":"GNA11 and N-RAS mutations: alternatives for MAPK pathway activating GNAQ mutations in primary melanocytic tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Gessi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12228","article-title":"Melanotic tumors of the nervous system are characterized by distinct mutational, chromosomal and epigenomic profiles","volume":"25","author":"Koelsche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478943","article-title":"Malignant transformation of meningeal melanocytoma: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Uozumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0528","article-title":"Transition from meningeal melanocytoma to primary cerebral melanoma. Case report","volume":"101","author":"Roser","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E867","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000372919.96651.34","article-title":"Malignant transformation of intramedullary melanocytoma: case report","volume":"67","author":"Perrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2010.01160.x","article-title":"Malignant transformation of intracranial meningeal melanocytoma. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropathology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0311-9","article-title":"Black brain: transformation of a melanocytoma with diffuse melanocytosis into a primary cerebral melanoma","volume":"102","author":"Gempt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurooncol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2016.12.006","article-title":"Copy number variation analysis and methylome profiling of a GNAQ-mutant primary meningeal melanocytic tumor and its liver metastasis","volume":"102","author":"K\u00fcsters-Vandevelde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3677","article-title":"Recurrent SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mutations in patients who respond to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Riaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.028","article-title":"Tumor and microenvironment evolution during immunotherapy with nivolumab","volume":"171","author":"Riaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00172","article-title":"Non-BRAF mutant melanoma: molecular features and therapeutical implications","volume":"7","author":"Vanni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.789256\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1648501390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.789256\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.789256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.789256","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"article-number":"789256"}}