{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1780393884282,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) has led to new advances in vascular imaging applications. This study aimed to explore the blood supply and feeding arteries of carotid body tumors (CBTs) on SMI to improve the accuracy of information available to surgeons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-six CBT lesions were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and SMI and were later confirmed by pathology. The blood flow patterns and feeding arteries of the CBTs on CDFI and SMI were graded and compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The feeding arteries of two CBT lesions, which were not visible on CDFI, were identified as the internal carotid artery (ICA) on SMI. The feeding arteries of three CBTs were judged to stem from both the ICA and the external carotid artery (ECA) (MIX) based on SMI compared to the ICA or ECA on CDFI. We classified the feeding arteries of CBTs as originating from the ICA or others (including the ECA and MIX). One hundred percent (3\/3) of the CBT lesions stemming from the ICA had Adler I or Adler II blood flow patterns, and 100% (23\/23) of the CBT lesions stemming from other arteries had Adler II or Adler III blood flow patterns. Higher Adler categories were assigned based on SMI than CDFI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SMI may be superior to CDFI in detecting the vascularity of CBTs, and SMI revealed more potential feeding arteries of CBTs than CDFI. CBTs originating from the ICA are less vascular than those originating from the ECA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.816768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T18:40:45Z","timestamp":1663958445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Carotid Body Tumors by Superb Microvascular Imaging of Feeding Arteries During Preoperative Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Luying","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianchu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.11138\/gchir\/2014.35.1.047","article-title":"An evaluation on management of carotid body tumour (CBT). A twelve years experience","volume":"35","author":"Boscarino","year":"2014","journal-title":"G Chir."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Carotid and vagal body paragangliomas","volume":"6","author":"Del Guercio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Med UniSa."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194111000-00003","article-title":"Tumors of the carotid body: clinical and pathologic considerations of twenty tumors affecting nineteen patients (one bilateral)","volume":"114","author":"Harrington","year":"1941","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa.13-00116","article-title":"Carotid body tumors: a review of 25 years experience in diagnosis and management of 56 tumors","volume":"7","author":"Gad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.07.034","article-title":"A 22-year Northern Irish experience of carotid body tumours","author":"O'Neill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ulster Med J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.2147\/cmar.s203376","article-title":"Vascular index measured by smart 3-D superb microvascular imaging can help to differentiate malignant and benign breast lesion","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2016.19.2.210","article-title":"An innovative ultrasound technique for evaluation of tumor vascularity in breast cancers: superb micro-vascular imaging","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Breast Cancer."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.07004","article-title":"Role of superb micro-vascular imaging in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules: comparison with power Doppler flow imaging","volume":"36","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(90)90020-d","article-title":"Doppler ultrasound color flow imaging in the study of breast cancer: preliminary findings","volume":"16","author":"Adler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.6.01841788","article-title":"The use of unenhanced Doppler sonography in the evaluation of solid breast lesions","volume":"184","author":"Del Cura","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-006-9010-6","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the pancreas. 4. 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