{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:12:43Z","timestamp":1773087163292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871821 to JL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871821 to JL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202106370071 to BWZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106370071 to BWZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with intraoperative immersion in reducing perioperative blood loss in one-stage posterior thoracolumbar tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients were divided into four groups: Group A received an intravenous drip of TXA before surgery, group B received multiple local immersions during the operation, group C received an intravenous drip combined with multiple local immersions, and the control group (group CG) were not treated with TXA during the same period. The total blood loss (TBL), intraoperative blood loss (IBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), postoperative drainage volume, maximum hemoglobin drop value (max Hb drop), liver and kidney function, coagulation indexes, blood transfusion rate, hospital stay and incidence of complications were compared among the four groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TBL, IBL, HBL, max Hb drop, POD1 drainage, and POD2 drainage in group A, group B, and group C were significantly lower than those in group CG. TBL, IBL, HBL and max Hb drop were group C\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009group A\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009group B\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009group CG. The drainage volume of group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups. There was no significant difference in blood coagulation index (PT, D-D) or liver and kidney function (ALT, Cr) among the four groups. There was no difference in postoperative hospital stay between group A and group B, but it was significantly lower in group C than in the other three groups. All patients achieved satisfactory bone graft fusion at the last follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative intravenous drip of TXA combined with intraoperative multiple immersion can effectively reduce perioperative blood loss while not increasing the risk of thrombosis without affecting liver and kidney function, coagulation function or tuberculosis prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.852589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T07:54:11Z","timestamp":1655970851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect Analysis of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Combined With Intraoperative Immersion in Reducing Perioperative Blood Loss of One Stage Posterior Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bowen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyv","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaqing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1252-4","article-title":"Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis-a multicentre, retrospective, case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2891-7","article-title":"Comparison of three surgical approaches for thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1) tuberculosis: a multicentre, retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-167643","article-title":"Transfusion-related mortality: the ongoing risks of allogeneic blood transfusion and the available strategies for their prevention","volume":"113","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.121","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid in spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Yerneni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2165\/11209070-000000000-00000","article-title":"Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in the treatment of hyperfibrinolysis","volume":"72","author":"McCormack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1703374","article-title":"Tranexamic acid in patients undergoing coronary-artery surgery","volume":"376","author":"Myles","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12047","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid treatment in major benign uterine surgery","volume":"136","author":"Topsoee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.02.044","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intraoperative tranexamic acid infusion for reducing blood transfusion during open radical cystectomy","volume":"92","author":"Zaid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2450\/\/2017.0219-17","article-title":"Safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in patients undergoing majororthopaedic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Franchini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024350","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024350","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous, topical or combined routes of tranexamic acid administration in patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00908","article-title":"Intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: both effective in a randomized clinical trial of 640 patients","volume":"100","author":"Abdel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.01.013","article-title":"Efficacy of tranexamic acid on surgical bleeding in spine surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Cheriyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.095","article-title":"Different effects of intravenous, topical, and combined application of tranexamic acid on patients with thoracolumbar fracture","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7403034","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7403034","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in nondeformity spine surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"224","article-title":"Prediction of blood volume in normal human adults","volume":"51","author":"Nadler","year":"1962","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.06.012","article-title":"The use of tranexamic acid in adult spinal deformity: is there an optimal dosing strategy?","volume":"19","author":"Raman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002231","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical use of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during primary lumbar spinal surgery: a retrospective case control study","volume":"42","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4283-5","article-title":"The role of costotransverse radical debridement, fusion and postural drainage in the surgical treatment of multisegmental thoracic spinal tuberculosis: a minimum 5-year follow-up","volume":"25","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2762-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid usage in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.11.017","article-title":"Can tranexamic acid conserve blood and save operative time in spinal surgeries? A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1257","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001063","article-title":"Two doses of tranexamic acid reduce blood transfusion in complex spine surgery: a prospective randomized study","volume":"40","author":"Raksakietisak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318188b9c5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prophylactic large dose of tranexamic acid in spine surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Elwatidy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4645137","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4645137","article-title":"Clot structure and fibrinolysis in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":"2017","author":"Bagoly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3296-y","article-title":"Topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c92b23","article-title":"High-dose tranexamic Acid is associated with nonischemic clinical seizures in cardiac surgical patients","volume":"110","author":"Murkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.040","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in patients treated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"125","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2836-z","article-title":"Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss of degenerative lumbar instability with stenosis in posterior approach lumbar surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2232-8","article-title":"Topical and intravenous tranexamic acid reduce blood loss compared to routine hemostasis in total knee arthroplasty: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"135","author":"Aguilera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0815-0","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of topical administration of tranexamic acid in spine surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0672-2","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the effects of collagen sponge and topical tranexamic acid in posterior spinal fusion surgeries","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00621.x","article-title":"Changes in coagulation-fibrinolysis marker and neutrophil elastase following the use of tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty and the influence of neutrophil elastase on thromboembolism","volume":"49","author":"Katsumata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"308","article-title":"Topical versus intravenous administration of tranexamic acid: a comparison of intraocular and serum concentrations in the rabbit","volume":"33","author":"Damji","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181fb3a42","article-title":"Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative blood loss in cervical laminoplasty: a prospective randomized study","volume":"36","author":"Tsutsumimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E734","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002491","article-title":"Tranexamic acid decreases visible and hidden blood loss without affecting prethrombotic state molecular markers in transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion for treatment of thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350617751449","article-title":"Clinical research of combined intravenous administration and topical application of tranexamic acid to a surgical wound during posterior lumbar fusion","volume":"25","author":"Ou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.154","article-title":"Intravenous administration of tranexamic acid significantly reduces visible and hidden blood loss compared with its topical administration for double-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"122","author":"Mu","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.852589\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T07:54:14Z","timestamp":1655970854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.852589\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.852589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.852589","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"article-number":"852589"}}