{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:47:14Z","timestamp":1777416434622,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to observe the long-term effectiveness and safety of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in treating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 65 patients with iNPH were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were treated with VP shunt and the clinical efficacy was assessed using follow-up questionnaire, the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) after operation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean mRS and iNPHGS scores were 1.18 \u00b1 0.83 points and 2.98 \u00b1 1.96 points, respectively, which were statistically significantly different from those before operation [(2.89 \u00b1 0.92) points and (6.49 \u00b1 2.30) points, respectively]. Besides, the patients were divided into the non-improvement group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8, 12.3%), the improvement group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16, 24.6%), and the marked improvement group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41, 63.1%) based on the preoperative and postoperative mRS scores and the total effective rate of the VP shunt was 87.7%. Next, seven patients with negative cerebrospinal fluid tap test (tap test) received the active VP shunt and the score on walking disorder was 2.71 \u00b1 0.76 points before operation and 1.86 \u00b1 0.90 points after operation, showing a statistically significant difference. Moreover, 12 (18.4%) patients had complications after operation, among whom 5 (7.7%) patients manifested ameliorated symptoms after replacing shunt tube and receiving anti-infection treatment, but 3 (4.6%) patients showed no alleviation following pressure adjustment due to advanced age and multiple complications. Six (9.2%) cases of death were recorded during follow-up and only 1 (1.5%) case of sudden death occurred within 2 weeks after operation. In addition, it was found through more than 5 years of follow-up after operation that 12 out of the 23 (52.2%) patients had a good effect at 5 years after operation, 1 (4.3%) patient had been confined to bed due to advanced age and pulmonary infection, and 1 (4.3%) patient died of pulmonary infection and heart failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The VP shunt is effective in treating iNPH and it results in a preferable long-term prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.856357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T04:38:39Z","timestamp":1649306319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Surgical Treatment Effect on Idiopathic Normal Pressure 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