{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1791852015404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The endoscopic endonasal approach to removing lesions in the nasal cavity and sinuses has become the modern first choice. However, if endoscopic surgery is performed without proper knowledge of sinus anatomy, there is a risk of residual lesions, recurrence, and even serious complications. Therefore, this article illustrates the importance of precise sinus opening guided by the natural sinus drainage pathway, using the anatomy of the frontal sinus (FS) and the frontal recess (FR) cells as an example.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n A total of 82 sides cadaveric heads were dissected and analyzed, and the natural drainage pathways of the FR cells and FS were observed at 0\u00b0and 70\u00b0nasal endoscopic views, and the findings were summarized. The data of 79 patients who accepted endonasal endoscopic surgery (EES) guided by natural sinus drainage pathways to remove mucoceles in our department from January 2015 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Two natural drainage pathways of the FR cells were discovered, identified, and named the medial pathway of the FR (MPFR) and the lateral pathway of the FR (LPFR). The 79 patients who accepted EES to remove mucoceles through the natural drainage pathways of FR cells and the FS showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms, and none of them had recurrence after surgery without serious complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The EES of the FR cells and FS through the natural drainage pathways to remove the mucoceles facilitates exposure of the cells without residual lesions and without serious complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.862178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T03:05:31Z","timestamp":1650855931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Precision Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery of the Frontal Recess Cells and Frontal Sinus Guided by the Natural Sinus Drainage Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhouying","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2500\/105065894781874278","article-title":"The frontal cell as a cause of frontal sinus obstruction","volume":"8","author":"Bent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(96)80037-6","article-title":"Chronic frontal sinusitis: the endscopic frontal recess approach operative techniques","volume":"7","author":"Kuhn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510410s01","article-title":"Anatomic Terminology Group. 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Teil I: die endonasale Stirnh\u00f6hlendrainage bei entz\u00fcndlichen Erkrankungen der Nasennebenh\u00f6hlen [Current aspects of frontal sinus surgery. I: endonasal frontal sinus drainage in inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses]","volume-title":"HNO.","author":"Draf","year":"1995"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000202086.18206.C8","article-title":"Long-term results after endoscopic sinus surgery involving frontal recess dissection","volume":"116","author":"Friedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06577-5","article-title":"ndoscopic frontal recess anatomy directed by the drainage pathways using the connecting plates as landmarks","volume":"278","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"S2239253X18028190","article-title":"Maxillary sinus mucocele with orbital complications","volume":"7","author":"Lombardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13605","article-title":"Clinical analysis of sphenoid sinus mucocele with initial neurological symptoms","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.862178\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T03:05:35Z","timestamp":1650855935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.862178\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.862178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.862178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"article-number":"862178"}}