{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T01:51:43Z","timestamp":1788745903247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteomyelitis of the jaw is an uncommon infection that arises from the flora of the oral cavity or sinuses and affects immunocompromised and polymorbid patients. Treatment includes surgical debridement and long regiments of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We present three cases of complicated jaw osteomyelitis presented with concurrent COVID-19 infection, including only two reported cases of odontogenic COVID-related osteomyelitis. The two mandibular cases were patients in their 30s with no comorbidities. The first case was an asymptomatic COVID-19-positive patient who developed an odontogenic infection after tooth extraction that was complicated by the second bout of abscess formation and localized osteomyelitis. The second case was a COVID-19-positive patient with an odontogenic infection that presented as airway compromise due to trismus and neck edema, which required an emergency tracheotomy. He developed osteomyelitis of the mandibular ramus that was reconstructed with a titanium plate. The third case was a polymorbid post-COVID-19 patient who developed a protracted infection of the maxillary sinus that resulted in the loss of an eye, destruction of the maxilla, palate, and parts of nasal cavum, and oronasal incontinence. The defect was reconstructed with a microvascular anterolateral thigh flap. We hypothesize that COVID-19-related immune dysfunction and microvascular changes contributed to osteomyelitis in our patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.867088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T05:58:24Z","timestamp":1656655104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Osteomyelitis of the Jaw in COVID-19 Patients: A Rare Condition With a High Risk for Severe Complications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Kvolik Pavi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedran","family":"Zub\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600818054","article-title":"Osteomyelitis in the head and neck","volume":"127","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Head, Neck, and Orofacial Infections: An Interdisciplinary Approach","author":"Hupp","year":"2016"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020202","article-title":"COVID-19: a review on the novel coronavirus disease evolution, transmission, detection, control and prevention","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387","article-title":"COVID-19\u2014navigating the uncharted","volume":"382","author":"Fauci","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01991","article-title":"The impact of pre-existing comorbidities and therapeutic interventions on COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Callender","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28766-7","volume-title":"Osteomyelitis of the Jaws","author":"Baltensperger","year":"2009"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.01.043","article-title":"Unusual cause of acute sinusitis and orbital abscess in COVID-19 positive patient: case report","volume":"79","author":"Shires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110714","article-title":"COVID-19 and severe ENT infections in pediatric patients. 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