{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:06:20Z","timestamp":1785780380976,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the application value of salvage autologous blood transfusion for massive hemorrhage occurring during ectopic pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on the basis of the clinical data of patients in our hospital for the period January 2019 to December 2021. These patients were confirmed to have suffered massive hemorrhage from an ectopic pregnancy during surgery and were treated with blood transfusion. The patients were divided according to their blood transfusion method into three groups: an autologous group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200946) treated with salvage autologous blood transfusion, a mixed group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) treated with salvage autologous\u2009+\u2009allogeneic blood transfusion, and an allogeneic group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941) treated with allogeneic blood transfusion. The volume of intra-abdominal bleeding, the volume of autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion, postoperative fever and blood transfusion reaction, hemodynamic indices [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate (HR)] before and after blood transfusion; 24-h postoperative blood routine [hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), red blood cells (RBCs)], and electrolyte indices (Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were all compared among the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that intra-abdominal bleeding volume in the autologous and mixed groups was higher than that in the allogeneic group (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and there was no statistical difference between the autologous and the mixed groups (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Autologous blood transfusion volume in the autologous group was higher than that in the mixed group (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Allogeneic blood transfusion volume in the allogeneic group was higher than that in the mixed group (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). After blood transfusion treatment, the postoperative fever rates were 4.35%, 10.71%, and 19.51% in the autologous, mixed, and allogeneic groups, respectively, and the blood transfusion reaction rates were 0.00%, 3.57%, and 9.76%, respectively, which were lower in the autologous group than in the allogeneic group (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05). At 30\u2005min after blood transfusion, SBP, DBP, and SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were higher in all three groups than before blood transfusion (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and HR was lower than before blood transfusion (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at 30\u2005min after blood transfusion (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;\u20090.05). At the 24-\u2005h postoperative period, no statistical difference was found when HCT, Hb, PLT, RBC, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> were compared among the three groups (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&amp;gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of salvage autologous blood transfusion for treating massive hemorrhage occurring during ectopic pregnancy is a safe and feasible method for rescuing patients with such condition because it can rapidly replenish the patient\u2019s blood volume and save blood resources without causing postoperative hemodynamic, blood routine, and electrolyte 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