{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:12:04Z","timestamp":1788577924897,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system in newborns and encompasses a disease spectrum ranging from a stable hip with a mildly dysplastic acetabulum to complete hip dislocation. Systematic screening for infant DDH has been performed for several decades all over the world and has contributed greatly to the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of DDH. However, some cases of delayed diagnosis still occur among the screened population, or conversely, overdiagnosis or overtreatment occasionally occurs. Furthermore, screening strategies for DDH are still controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze the current literature on DDH screening, paying particular attention to DDH screening strategies and their effectiveness. We searched the DDH screening literature from 1958 to 2021 in MEDLINE and other databases using PubMed. In this study, we reviewed the history of DDH screening and the progress of screening strategies and discussed the controversies regarding clinical and ultrasound screening methods with particular emphasis on the current opinions. Given the existing scientific evidence and changes in newborn DDH screening practices, universal ultrasound screening seems to be the best option for preventing late-detected cases and can be recommended as a favorable prevention strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T06:12:21Z","timestamp":1666764741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Progress in screening strategies for neonatal developmental dysplasia of the hip"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jiuhui","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00908-2","article-title":"Recommendations for early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH): working group intersociety consensus document","volume":"46","author":"Agostiniani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1984.3.3.131","article-title":"Examination of the infant hip with real-time ultrasonography","volume":"3","author":"Harcke","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"161","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip in sponseller PD","author":"Mencio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orheop Knowledge Update Pediatr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01997","article-title":"Economic evaluation of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of developmental hip dysplasia in the United Kingdom and Ireland","volume":"87","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15111","article-title":"Importance of early diagnosis for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a 5-year radiological outcome study comparing the effect of early and late diagnosis","volume":"57","author":"St George","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B2.284","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint in the newborn","volume":"44","author":"von ROSEN","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925809171489","article-title":"The diagnosis of dislocation of the hip in newborns and the primary results of immediate treatment","volume":"49","author":"Andrenl","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0924-5491","article-title":"International interdisciplinary consensus meeting on the evaluation of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Internationales interdisziplinares konsensustreffen zur evaluation der diagnostik und therapie der angeborenen h\u00fcftdysplasie","volume":"40","author":"O\u2019Beirne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000250","article-title":"In search of ortolani: the man and the method","volume":"35","author":"Mubarak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94956-3_4","article-title":"Clinical examination","volume-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip","author":"Placzek","year":"2022"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B2.292","article-title":"Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"44","author":"Barlow","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.58B3.956242","article-title":"The results of early treatment of typical congenital dislocation of the hip in Malm\u00f6","volume":"58","author":"Fredensborg","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Neonatal screening in Vancouver for congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"124","author":"Lehmann","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B1.4","article-title":"Problems in the early diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"54","author":"Mitchell","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B1.18","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip. The development of a regional service","volume":"54","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00001","article-title":"Screening of children with congenital dislocation of the hip joint on the maternity wards in Sweden","volume":"3","author":"Hansson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.59B3.893510","article-title":"An assessment of the value of examination of the hip in the newborn","volume":"59","author":"Jones","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B1.13","article-title":"Difficulties of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in Northern Ireland","volume":"54","author":"Williamson","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.566146","article-title":"Total hip replacement in young adults with hip dysplasia: age at diagnosis, previous treatment, quality of life, and validation of diagnoses reported to the norwegian arthroplasty register between 1987 and 2007","volume":"82","author":"Enges\u00e6ter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91370-9","article-title":"Screening for congenital hip dislocation","volume":"1","author":"Roberton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.93","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: a new approach to incidence","volume":"103","author":"Bialik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000514","article-title":"Hip sonography: background; technique and common mistakes; results; debate and politics; challenges","volume":"27","author":"Graf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00450934","article-title":"The diagnosis of congenital hip-joint dislocation by the ultrasonic combound treatment","volume":"97","author":"Graf","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198411000-00015","article-title":"Fundamentals of sonographic diagnosis of infant hip dysplasia","volume":"4","author":"Graf","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200311000-00001","article-title":"Twenty years of hip ultrasonography: are we doing better today?","volume":"23","author":"Roposch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Hip sonography","volume-title":"Diagnosis and management of infant hip dysplasia","author":"Graf","year":"2006"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94956-3_9","article-title":"Hip sonography according to graf","author":"Chlapoutakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip"},{"key":"B28","author":"Graf","year":"2017"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.3.390385410.2214\/ajr.141.4.639","article-title":"Sonography of the neonatal and infant hip","volume":"141","author":"Morin","year":"1983","journal-title":"RadiologyAJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.268498910.7863\/jum.1984.3.3.131","article-title":"Examination of the infant hip with real-time ultrasonography","volume":"3","author":"Terjesen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg BrJ Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.141.4.639","article-title":"Sonography of the neonatal and infant hip","volume":"141","author":"Novick","year":"1983","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B6.1955428","article-title":"Ultrasonography in congenital dislocation of the hip. Simultaneous imaging of both hips from in front","volume":"73","author":"Suzuki","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013504","article-title":"Ultrasound in the early diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip: the significance of hip stability versus acetabular morphology","volume":"22","author":"Rosendahl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2429-8","article-title":"Ultrasonography in developmental dysplasia of the hip: what have we learned?","volume":"42","author":"Bracken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199403020-00011","article-title":"Simultaneous ultrasound studies of developmental dysplasia of the hip using the graf, harcke, and suzuki approaches","volume":"3","author":"Diaz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-98","article-title":"Reproducibility of different screening classifications in ultrasonography of the newborn hip","volume":"10","author":"Peterlein","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.896","article-title":"Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Clinical practice guideline: early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Committee on quality improvement, subcommittee on developmental dysplasia of the hip. American academy of pediatrics","volume":"105","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00006","article-title":"Detection and nonoperative management of pediatric developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants up to six months of age","volume":"23","author":"Mulpuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7213681","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7213681","article-title":"Risk factor assessment and a ten-year experience of DDH screening in a well-child population","volume":"2019","author":"Kural","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.13.180174","article-title":"Associations between risk factors and developmental dysplasia of the hip and ultrasonographic hip type: a retrospective case control study","volume":"13","author":"\u00d6mero\u011flu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000624","article-title":"Oligohydramnios: should it be considered a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip?","volume":"28","author":"Manoukian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085","article-title":"Twenty years experience of selective secondary ultrasound screening for congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"97","author":"Clarke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3879-9","article-title":"Hip ultrasonography in clinical practice","volume":"47","author":"Theodore Harcke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180019","article-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip: update of management","volume":"4","author":"Vaquero-Picado","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000348","article-title":"Optimizing the time for developmental dysplasia of the hip screening: earlier or later?","volume":"35","author":"Gokharman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199911000-00013","article-title":"Ultrasound and neonatal hip screening: the five-year results of a prospective study in high-risk babies","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150804-61","article-title":"Ultrasound for infants at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"38","author":"LeBa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00122","article-title":"To screen or not to screen? A decision analysis of the utility of screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"91","author":"Mahan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001602","article-title":"Even experts can be fooled: reliability of clinical examination for diagnosing hip dislocations in newborns","volume":"40","author":"Harper","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0620-1","article-title":"Selective ultrasound screening is inadequate to identify patients who present with symptomatic adult acetabular dysplasia","volume":"8","author":"Sink","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0555-6","article-title":"Long-term results of a nationwide general ultrasound screening system for developmental disorders of the hip: the Austrian hip screening program","volume":"8","author":"Thallinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04915-0","article-title":"Early neonatal universal ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a single institution observational study","volume":"45","author":"Treiber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14057","article-title":"Introducing universal ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip doubled the treatment rate","volume":"107","author":"Olsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.12.180063","article-title":"Universal or selective ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip? A discussion of the key issues","volume":"12","author":"Biedermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14957-4","article-title":"Effect of ultrasound screening on the rate of first operative procedures for developmental hip dysplasia in Germany","volume":"362","author":"von Kries","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F25","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.029496","article-title":"Effectiveness of ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip","volume":"90","author":"Roovers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"47","article-title":"Ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in the neonate: the effect on treatment rate and prevalence of late cases","volume":"94","author":"Rosendahl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199801000-00007","article-title":"Prevention of overtreatment of neonatal hip dysplasia by the use of ultrasonography","volume":"7","author":"Bialik","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-008-1236-2","article-title":"Wann ist der optimale zeitpunkt f\u00fcr ein sonographisches h\u00fcftscreening? (when is the optimal time for hip ultrasound screening?)","volume":"37","author":"Farr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B8.25935","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of universal ultrasound screening compared with clinical examination alone in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hip dysplasia in Austria","volume":"93","author":"Thaler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B5.0810852","article-title":"Financial justification for routine ultrasound screening of the neonatal hip","volume":"81","author":"Clegg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94956-3_11","article-title":"Sonographic-based treatment","volume-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip","author":"Kolovos","year":"2022"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/children8020104","article-title":"Dynamic and static splinting for treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Pavone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000236","article-title":"Failed pavlik harness treatment for DDH as a risk factor for avascular necrosis","volume":"35","author":"Tiruveedhula","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94956-3_12","article-title":"Further treatment","volume-title":"Developmental dysplasia of the hip","author":"Placzek","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T06:12:33Z","timestamp":1666764753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.995949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"article-number":"995949"}}