{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:44:22Z","timestamp":1792262662654,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcified lumbar disc herniation (CLDH) is considered to be a special type of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID), with safety and efficacy, has been proved to be a minimally invasive surgery for LDH. However, there are few studies on PEID in the treatment of CLDH at the L5-S1 level. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of PEID for L5-S1 CLDH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From August 2016 to April 2020, we retrospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients (17 males and 11 females) with L5-S1 CLDH treated with PEID at our institution. All the patients were monitored for more than 1 year postoperatively. The demographic characteristics, surgical results, and clinical outcomes estimated by the visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the modified MacNab criteria were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients successfully underwent PEID. The mean operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 65.36\u2009\u00b1\u20095.26\u2005min and 13.21\u2009\u00b1\u20094.35\u2005ml, respectively. The VAS for leg pain and ODI scores improved remarkably from 7.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.96 to 1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and from 69.29\u2009\u00b1\u20099.91 to 17.43\u2009\u00b1\u20093.69 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) a year after operation, respectively. According to the modified MacNab criteria of the last follow-up, the excellent and good rates are 92.86%. Two of the patients had complications, one had nerve root injury and the other had postoperative dysesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PEID achieved good clinical outcomes in the treatment of L5-S1 CLDH, and it was a safe and effective minimally invasive surgery for L5-S1 CLDH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.998231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T06:51:05Z","timestamp":1663915865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy for L5-S1 calcified lumbar disc herniation: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuanpei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xipeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Uber eine neue erkrankung der wirbersaule","volume":"104","author":"Baron","year":"1924","journal-title":"Jahrb f Kinderh"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b9c986","article-title":"Frequency of lumbar intervertebral disc calcification and angiogenesis, and their correlation with clinical, surgical, and magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"35","author":"Karamouzian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925409170693","article-title":"Calcified intervertebral disc in children and adults","volume":"41","author":"Schorr","year":"1954","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1027-0","article-title":"Spontaneous disruption of dura mater and fascicular continuity of the L5 nerve root by a calcified disc herniation","volume":"153","author":"Bostelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E488","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cc3f56","article-title":"Conservative management of lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Hahne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3054-4","article-title":"Circumspinal decompression and fusion through a posterior midline incision to treat central calcified thoracolumbar disc herniation: a minimal 2-year follow-up study with reconstruction CT","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.40.151","article-title":"Postoperative changes in paraspinal muscle thickness after various lumbar back surgery procedures","volume":"40","author":"Suwa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198305000-00014","article-title":"Lumbar spinal instability (olisthesis) after extensive posterior spinal decompression","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198802000-00018","article-title":"Postdecompression lumbar instability","volume":"227","author":"Hopp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-932172","article-title":"A new full-endoscopic technique for the interlaminar operation of lumbar disc herniations using 6-mm endoscopes: prospective 2-year results of 331 patients","volume":"49","author":"Ruetten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318175ddb4","article-title":"Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after conventional discectomy: a prospective, randomized study comparing full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal versus microsurgical revision","volume":"22","author":"Ruetten","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2016.19.69","article-title":"The clinical results of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) in the treatment of calcified lumbar disc herniation: a case-control study","volume":"19","author":"Dabo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.133","article-title":"Full endoscopic lumbar discectomy using the calcification floating technique for symptomatic partially calcified lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.11.083","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in treating calcified lumbar intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.186","article-title":"Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy and foraminotomy with modified radiofrequency nerve stimulator and continuous electromyography under general anesthesia","volume":"137","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2019.1687850","article-title":"Removal of calcified lumbar disc herniation with endoscopic-matched ultrasonic osteotome\u2014our preliminary experience","volume":"34","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.13.1145","article-title":"VAS\u2014Visual analog scale","volume":"134","author":"Faiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E123","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000157172.00635.3a","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00004","article-title":"Negative disc exploration. An analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients","volume":"53","author":"Macnab","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"459","article-title":"The calcified intervertebral disc. A non-specific roentgenologic sign","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Med Soc NJ"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(78)90035-5","article-title":"Intervertebral disc calcification in adults: a review","volume":"8","author":"Weinberger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00002","article-title":"Treatment of lumbar disc herniation: epidural steroid injection compared with discectomy. A prospective, randomized study","volume":"86","author":"Buttermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520938966","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520938966","article-title":"A surgical decompression procedure for effective treatment of calcified lumbar disc herniation","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993202","article-title":"Microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation with bony fragment due to apophyseal separation","volume":"50","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/09\/370","article-title":"Transdural approach for calcified central disc herniations of the upper lumbar spine. Technical note","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"E401","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for all types of lumbar disc herniations (LDH) including severely difficult and extremely difficult LDH cases","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.14065-15.2","article-title":"Dural tear: a feared complication of lumbar discectomy","volume":"26","author":"Albayrak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.066","article-title":"Treatment of herniated lumbar disk by sequestrectomy or conventional diskectomy","volume":"82","author":"Shamji","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03938-3","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy and safety of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery (PTES) for surgical treatment of calcified lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective cohort study of 101 patients","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.113","article-title":"Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy for hard or calcified lumbar disc herniation: a new surgical technique and clinical outcomes","volume":"143","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.044","article-title":"Learning curve for transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a systematic review","volume":"143","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ONS59-68","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000192713.95921.4a","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy for intracanalicular disc herniations at L5-S1 using a rigid working channel endoscope","volume":"58","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"19","article-title":"Giant calcified thoracic herniated disc: considerations aiming a proper surgical strategy","volume":"53","author":"Barbanera","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"PI25","article-title":"Piezosurgery in the excision of middle-ear tumors: effects on mineralized and non-mineralized tissues","volume":"13","author":"Salami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.812182","article-title":"Applications of the ultrasonic bone cutter in spinal surgery\u2013our preliminary experience","volume":"28","author":"Al-Mahfoudh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.97542","article-title":"Recapping hemilaminoplasty for spinal surgical disorders using ultrasonic bone curette","volume":"3","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2780-y","article-title":"Use of an ultrasonic osteotome device in spine surgery: experience from the first 128 patients","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.998231\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1663915876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.998231\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2022.998231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.998231","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"article-number":"998231"}}