{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:34:48Z","timestamp":1753893288954,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To save brain cells in acute cerebral infarction by injecting hemoglobin oxygen carrier (HBOC) into the blood vessel blockage of the cerebral infarction site through a microcatheter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>120 male rats were divided into four groups: control (CTRL), ischemia (I), ischemia\u2009+\u2009low perfusion (I\u2009+\u2009LP), and ischemia\u2009+\u2009high perfusion (I\u2009+\u2009HP). Perfusion groups (ischemia, I\u2009+\u2009LP, and I\u2009+\u2009HP) underwent MCAO surgery with intraluminal monofilament. These groups were subdivided into 6\u2005h, 12\u2005h, and 24\u2005h (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910\/group). RT-PCR, Western-Blot, immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis assays were used to detect apoptosis, hypoxia range and extent, and ischemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the I group, the neurological deficit sign scores of the I\u2009+\u2009HP group were statistically significant at 12\u2005h. Compared with the I group, the neurological deficit sign scores of the I\u2009+\u2009LP group and the I\u2009+\u2009HP group were statistically significant at 24\u2005h. At all time points, compared with the I group and the I\u2009+\u2009LP group, Caspase-3, HIF-1\u03b1, and Cytochrome C protein levels were significantly decreased in the I\u2009+\u2009HP group. Bcl-2 and BAX mRNA levels were also significantly decreased in the same group. TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2 cytokines were significantly decreased in the I\u2009+\u2009HP group as well. The infarct size of rats in the I\u2009+\u2009HP group was smaller than that of the I\u2009+\u2009LP group, which was smaller than ischemia alone. Time of perfusion had an obvious effect as infarct size was smaller with longer perfusion. The number of Nissl stained cells in the I\u2009+\u2009HP group was increased compared with the ischemia and the I\u2009+\u2009LP group, and was proportional to the time of perfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time- and rate-controlled perfusion of HBOC to acutely occluded cerebral vascular regions through microcatheters can effectively protect ischemic brain tissue in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1050935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1677819737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurointerventional infusion of hemoglobin oxygen carrier prevents brain damage from acute cerebral ischemia in 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