{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:23:14Z","timestamp":1783038194531,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Gorham\u2013Stout disease is a rare condition of unknown prevalence and unknown exact cause. Its pathogenesis is based on enhanced osteoclastic activity leading to bone resorption and bone replacement by distended lymphatic vessels. Because of its rarity and a various range of symptoms the disease may give, diagnosis is challenging and a strong index of suspicion is required. Although it is a benign condition, the prognosis may be unpredictable. The treatment options suggested so far are limited, and every case should be provided with the best individual approach. Herein, we present a case report of Gorham\u2013Stout disease managed with a regular lump drainage with a good response and control of the patient symptoms over a period of 20 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Case report<\/jats:title>A 23-year-old male was admitted to the Head and Neck Cancer Clinic with a 6-month history of a left-sided neck lump. Other symptoms reported were neck pain and general weakness. The basic laboratory tests were within normal limits. On physical examination, a large round lump on the left side of a patient's neck and left armpit were noticed. They were about several centimeters in diameter, soft on palpation, but firmly attached to the underlying tissue. CT scan revealed large lymphatic left-sided masses of the neck and axillary fossa and multiple osteolytic lesions in the patient's vertebrae. Together with the biopsy findings and imaging studies, a diagnosis of Gorham\u2013Stout Syndrome was made. The patient was then scheduled for a regular cystic drainage with good control of a disease for over a period of 20 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Gorham\u2013Stout disease is a rare challenging condition, and the available treatment options remain sparse. Although surgical approach is effective, it is not always possible. In addition, the risk of radiotherapy-induced malignancy shows that this therapy may eventually result in unfavorable response. Depending on symptoms and the disease location, this condition requires an individual treatment plan. The presented case illustrates that a minimally invasive approach may result in a good control of the Gorham\u2013Stout syndrome and may stand as an alternative treatment option for some patients with this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1225209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T07:25:01Z","timestamp":1694157901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new therapeutic approach in Gorham\u2013Stout disease: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Stawarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Galazka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Kissin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Zwolinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-21-0083","article-title":"Current concepts from diagnosis to management in Gorham-Stout disease: a systematic narrative review of about 350 cases","volume":"7","author":"Angelini","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorep.2022.04.005","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease: a rare bone disorder","volume":"1","author":"Bosco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00037","article-title":"A large skull defect due to Gorham-Stout disease: case report and literature review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"11","author":"De Keyser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2019.08.003","article-title":"Management of a pathological fracture in a rare case of Gorham Stout disease of the hip with a mega prosthesis","volume":"18","author":"Vaishya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.01.006","article-title":"Radiation therapy for Gorham-Stout syndrome: results of a national patterns-of-care study and literature review","volume":"81","author":"Heyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-1051-9","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease: the experience of the Rizzoli Institute and review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200171","article-title":"Second malignancies after radiation therapy: update on pathogenesis and cross-sectional imaging findings","volume":"41","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1200308","article-title":"Gorham-Stout syndrome in mainland China: a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3613-3","article-title":"Thoracic osteotomy for Gorham-Stout disease of the spine: a case report and literature review","volume":"27","author":"Maillot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03540-7","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease successfully treated with sirolimus (rapamycin): a case report and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02361.x","article-title":"A novel treatment approach for paediatric Gorham-Stout syndrome with chylothorax","volume":"100","author":"Brodszki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90185-8","article-title":"Perspectives on massive osteolysis. 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