{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:18:10Z","timestamp":1780683490603,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171954, 81701697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171954, 81701697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery can effectively improve steatosis, necroinflammatory activity, and hepatic fibrosis in individuals diagnosed with morbid obesity or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Common methods such as body mass index (BMI) to evaluate the postoperative effect of clinical bariatric surgery cannot differentiate subcutaneous fats from visceral fats and muscles. Several Quantitative ultrasound (QUS)\u2013based approaches have been developed to quantify hepatic steatosis. QUS techniques (tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), tissue scatter distribution imaging (TSI)) from radio frequency (RF) data analysis as a means for the detection and grading of hepatic steatosis has been posited as an objective and noninvasive approach. The implementation and standardization of QUS techniques (TAI, TSI) in assessing hepatic steatosis quantitatively after bariatric surgery is of high-priority. Our study is aimed to assess hepatic steatosis with QUS techniques (TAI, TSI) in morbidly obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery, and to compare with anthropometric measurements, laboratory assessments and other imaging methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present investigation, a self-discipline examination of navigational capacity devoid of visual cues, is designed as a single-site, forward-looking evaluation of efficacy with the imprimatur of the institutional review board. The duration of the study has been provisionally determined to span from 1 January 2023 through 31 December 2025. Our cohort shall encompass one hundred participants, who was scheduled to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All patients will undergo anthropometric measurements, blood-based biochemical analyses, ultrasonic examination and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The primary endpoint is the analysis of evaluating the efficacy of QUS techniques assessing hepatic steatosis compared to other methods before and after bariatric surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior to the fomal study, we recruited 21 obese Chinese participants who received ultrasonic examination (TAI, TSI) and MRI-PDFF. AC-TAI showed moderate correlations with MRI-PDFF (adjusted <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.632; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). For MRI-PDFF \u226510%, SC-TSI showed moderate correlations with MRI-PDFF (adjusted <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.677; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our pre-experiment results signified that using QUS techniques for postoperative evaluation of bariatric surgery is promising. QUS techniques will be signed a widespread availability, real-time functionality, and low-cost approach for assessing hepatic steatosis before and after bariatric surgery in obese individuals, thus is capable for subsequent scale-up liver fat quantification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present research endeavor has been bestowed with the imprimatur of the Ethics Committee of the Hospital, as indicated by its Approval Number: 2023-KY-015. In due course, upon completion of the study, we intend to disseminate our findings by publishing them in a suitable academic journal, thereby facilitating their widespread utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trial is duly registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and with a unique Trial Registration Number, ChiCTR2300069892, approved on March 28, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1244199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T04:19:16Z","timestamp":1704341956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protocol of quantitative ultrasound techniques for noninvasive assessing of hepatic steatosis after bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10706","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery: a systematic review","volume":"312","author":"Puzziferri","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020303","article-title":"Weight gain and liver steatosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"11","author":"Spagnuolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2014.06.015","article-title":"Liver disease in the morbidly obese: a review of 1000 consecutive patients undergoing weight loss surgery","volume":"11","author":"Subichin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.07.007","article-title":"The molecular pathogenic role of inflammatory stress in dysregulation of lipid homeostasis and hepatic steatosis","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1914","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events","volume":"307","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-015-0069-5","article-title":"Assessing cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged adults using body mass index and waist-height ratio: are two indices better than one? 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