{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:05:48Z","timestamp":1783699548541,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most cavernous malformations (CM) usually involve the parenchyma and rarely occur in cranial nerves. Recurrence of CM associated with cranial nerves after surgical resection has not been previously reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with left otalgia and headache because of a left trigeminal cavernous malformation. She underwent radical resection via a left retrosigmoid approach while sparing the trigeminal nerve. Surveillance imaging at 18 months demonstrated recurrence along the length of the trigeminal nerve into Meckel's cave with significant extension into the middle cerebellar peduncle. Subsequent re-operation via an extended middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy enabled complete resection with division of the trigeminal nerve. Postoperatively, she had a transient left facial paresis, and right hemiparesis that resolved within 48\u2005h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case highlights the importance of close postoperative surveillance in CM associated with cranial nerves as recurrence after nerve-sparing resection is possible. Surgical treatment due to the morphology of significant recurrence required the use of a complex skull base approach through a new corridor to achieve optimal clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1278177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:22:13Z","timestamp":1703218933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Recurrent pediatric cavernous malformation of the trigeminal nerve"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Harty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Waqas Saeed","family":"Baqai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahangir","family":"Sajjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Fellows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Clamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Abhinav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-3019(96)00425-9","article-title":"An analysis of the natural history of cavernous malformations","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-63640-9.00023-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of cavernous malformations","volume":"143","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000073531.84342.c2","article-title":"Surgical management of cavernous malformations involving the cranial nerves","volume":"53","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E623","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000154063.05728.7E","article-title":"Cavernous malformation of the trigeminal nerve manifesting with trigeminal neuralgia: case report","volume":"56","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.Peds14541","article-title":"The natural history of cerebral cavernous malformations in children","volume":"17","author":"Gross","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.07.025","article-title":"A review of cavernous malformations with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"125","author":"Adachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1996.1607503.x","article-title":"SUNCT Syndrome associated with cavernous angioma of the brain stem","volume":"16","author":"De Benedittis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.4.0645","article-title":"Cavernous hemangioma of meckel\u2019s cave. 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