{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:07:03Z","timestamp":1768280823309,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, mainly affects the pelvic viscera and peritoneum. Endometriosis can also occur at sites of surgical incisions on the abdominal wall, mainly in women with a history of cesarean section (CS). The incidence of abdominal wall endometriosis after CS reaches 1%. Clinical suspicion, along with imaging, plays a crucial role in diagnosis. The preferred treatment involves extensive surgical excision with clear margins, ensuring a definitive diagnosis through histopathology examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case report is of a 44-year-old woman with a history of two CS procedures who developed pain and pigmentation at the incisional site one year after the last CS. Thirteen years after the surgical excision of an abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) mass, followed by hormone therapy, she presented in our hospital with worsening pain for further management. Pelvic MRI findings were consistent with AWE. During surgery, the abdominal wall endometriosis foci were removed, and the defect in the aponeurosis was repaired using a dual-sided mesh in a tension-free procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although AWE is a rare condition, we foresee an increase in cases because of the ever-increasing CS rates and the important association between AWE and CS. Healthcare practitioners should remain vigilant for this condition in women of reproductive age who exhibit cyclic pain, a palpable mass in the abdomen, and a background of previous uterine surgeries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1335931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:56:16Z","timestamp":1704948976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical management of abdominal wall sheath and rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Triantafyllidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Mili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Kalampokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Vlahos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Kalampokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BPOBGYN.2018.06.001","article-title":"Risk for and consequences of endometriosis: a critical epidemiologic review","volume":"51","author":"Shafrir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JMIG.2019.10.004","article-title":"Extrapelvic endometriosis: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Andres","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.03.005","article-title":"A case report of nasal endometriosis in a patient affected by Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Mignemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.08.031","article-title":"Surgical, clinical, and functional outcomes in patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis in the gray zone: 13-year long-term follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/J.OGC.2022.02.013","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis","volume":"49","author":"Foley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000714","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis: an update in diagnosis, perioperative considerations and management","volume":"33","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AMJSURG.2007.07.035","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon\u2019s perspective and review of 445 cases","volume":"196","author":"Horton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31928-7","article-title":"Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections","volume":"392","author":"Boerma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JMIG.2017.01.005","article-title":"Risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes for abdominal wall endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSS.2010.07.043","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometrioma; a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature","volume":"164","author":"Bekta\u015f","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJGO.2005.05.007","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriomas","volume":"90","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2014.04.011","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis: 12 years of experience at a large academic institution","volume":"211","author":"Ecker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.19000622","article-title":"Experience of the hernia and wall department in the management of abdominal wall endometriosis for 9 years","volume":"87","author":"Ramos-Mayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cir Cir"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100096","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EUROX.2019.100096","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis: an 11-year retrospective observational cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Marras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S818","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2019.12.113","article-title":"73: endometriosis of the rectus muscle: a single center experience","volume":"222","author":"Foley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1447-0756.2011.01739.X","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis in the cesarean section surgical scar: a potential diagnostic pitfall","volume":"38","author":"Ozel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590400016193","article-title":"Does previous surgery influence the asymmetric distribution of endometriotic lesions?","volume":"19","author":"Ciavattini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00286-0","article-title":"Incisional endometriosis: an underappreciated diagnosis in general surgery","volume":"190","author":"Nirula","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.7863\/JUM.2003.22.10.1041","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriomas near cesarean delivery scars: sonographic and color doppler findings in a series of 12 patients","volume":"22","author":"Francica","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/S00330-009-1658-1\/FIGURES\/6","article-title":"Appearance of abdominal wall endometriosis on MR imaging","volume":"20","author":"Busard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000399","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of abdominal wall endometriosis: a systematic review and clinical recommendations","volume":"72","author":"Rindos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog3118.2016","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriosis occurring after cesarean section: an underestimated complication","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/S00404-022-06579-0","article-title":"The clinical features and long-term surgical outcomes of different types of abdominal wall endometriosis","volume":"307","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(03)00072-2","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometriomas","volume":"185","author":"Blanco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/2284026520906060","article-title":"Nonsurgical radiologic intervention for management of abdominal wall endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cope","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endometr Pelvic Pain Disord"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/S00261-019-02379-4","article-title":"Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: the mayo clinic approach","volume":"45","author":"Welch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14737","article-title":"A comparison between high-intensity focused ultrasound and surgical treatment for the management of abdominal wall endometriosis","volume":"124","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"175","article-title":"Abdominal wall endometrioma after cesarean section: a preventable complication","volume":"87","author":"Wasfie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1335931\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:56:19Z","timestamp":1704948979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1335931\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1335931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1335931","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"article-number":"1335931"}}