{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:26:00Z","timestamp":1781115960691,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forearm compartment syndrome (CS) in children is above all a clinical diagnosis whose main cause is traumatic. However, rarer causes such as infection can alter its clinical presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical case<\/jats:title><jats:p>An 8-year-old boy has been seen in the emergency department complaining of severe forearm pain under a splint in a mild traumatic context. The previous radiological imaging examination three days before had not revealed any fractures. On admission, he presented with major signs of skin inflammation, loss of mobility, paresthesia and a significant biological inflammatory syndrome. The acute CS diagnosis has been made and was treated, but its atypical presentation raised a series of etiological hypotheses, in particular infectious, even if it remains rare. Complementary imaging examinations confirmed the presence of osteomyelitis of the distal radius as well as an occult Salter-Harris II fracture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beyond the classic \u201cfive P's of CS\u201d -pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor and pulselessness-, CS's clinical presentations are multiple, especially in pediatric patients. In children, severe pain and increasing analgesic requirement must be indicators of a CS. We hypothesize that this patient sustained a nondisplaced Salter-Harris II fracture with a hematoma colonized by hematogenous osteomyelitis explaining its initial clinical presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hematogenous osteomyelitis complicated by CS is rare and may be accompanied by a traumatic history. It's atypical presentation in pediatric patients requires vigilance and prompt diagnosis given the disastrous and irreversible complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1370558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T04:58:21Z","timestamp":1715749101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case Report: Atypical acute compartment syndrome of the forearm in a child following minor trauma with consecutive osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Everaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Delafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Juanos Cabanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Jennart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Baillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200109000-00025","article-title":"Acute compartment syndrome in children: contemporary diagnosis, treatment, and outcome","volume":"21","author":"Bae","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01082-9","article-title":"Compartment pressures in children with normal and fractured lower extremities","volume":"45","author":"Bussell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000526","article-title":"Pediatric nonfracture acute compartment syndrome: a review of 39 cases","volume":"36","author":"Livingston","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181d07118","article-title":"Compartment syndromes in the pediatric patient","volume":"30","author":"Noonan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20504","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020504","article-title":"Acute compartment syndrome in children; beware of \u201csilent\u201d compartment syndrome: a CARE-compliant case report","volume":"99","author":"Frei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-013-0492-9","article-title":"Acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity in children: diagnosis, management, and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Kanj","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00277-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome","volume":"386","author":"von Keudell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197511000-00007","article-title":"Tissue pressure measurements as a determinant for the need of fasciotomy","volume":"113","author":"Whitesides","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31554-6","article-title":"Treatment of compartment syndrome in children","volume":"21","author":"Willis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160027","article-title":"Paediatric bone and joint infection","volume":"2","author":"Iliadis","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1235973","article-title":"Septic arthritis in children in resource limited and non-resource limited countries: an update on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Chiappini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000006","article-title":"Preceding trauma in childhood hematogenous bone and joint infections","volume":"23","author":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318198284f","article-title":"Compartment syndrome in a child secondary to acute osteomyelitis of the ulna","volume":"28","author":"Mulcahey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21.00228","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00228","article-title":"Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis resulting in atraumatic pediatric forearm compartment syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Shaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328870","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1328870","article-title":"Is the emergency MRI protocol for acute pediatric osteoarticular infection a luxury or an absolute priority?","volume":"11","author":"Valisena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1370558\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T04:58:24Z","timestamp":1715749104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1370558\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1370558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1370558","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"article-number":"1370558"}}