{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:06:48Z","timestamp":1788498408640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trigger finger is a common hand condition characterized by the locking of a digit, often requiring surgical intervention when conservative treatments fail. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of a modified percutaneous release technique with those of traditional open release surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 245 patients (287 digits), of which 161 digits underwent open release and 126 underwent percutaneous release. A modified technique for percutaneous release was described. Propensity score matching was used to balance the data. Cox regression and Laplace regression were applied to analyze the hazard ratio and median survival time for pain relief and time to return to work. Adverse events were also reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The duration of pain relief in the percutaneous release group was shorter than that in the open release group (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091.73, 95% CI: 0.98\u20133.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.057). Fifty percent of patients in the percutaneous release group experienced pain relief within two days, compared to seven days in the open release group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Time to return to work was significantly shorter in the percutaneous release group than in the open release group (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20092.93, 95% CI: 2.08\u20134.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Fifty percent of patients in the percutaneous release group returned to work within three days, compared to 15 days in the open release group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Three digits (2.4%) required conversion to open release due to the failure of percutaneous release. No nerve injuries or recurrences were observed at a follow-up of 42.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous release resulted in an earlier return to work and a high success rate (97.6%) with no nerve injuries or recurrences over 42 months. Despite a 2.4% failure rate, careful technique minimized complications. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings and optimize patient selection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1509292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:50:30Z","timestamp":1741243830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative results of percutaneous and open surgery for trigger fingers: a propensity score analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Praphan","family":"Chanthanapodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasithorn","family":"Aodsup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.04.041","article-title":"A historical perspective of the notta\u2019s node in trigger fingers","volume":"34","author":"Clapham","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(72)80010-X","article-title":"The aetiology of trigger finger explained on the basis of intratendinous architecture","volume":"4","author":"Hueston","year":"1972","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(92)90125-9","article-title":"Percutaneous release of the trigger finger: an office procedure","volume":"17","author":"Eastwood","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.24967","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of open versus percutaneous surgery for trigger digits","volume":"26","author":"Gilberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.0830075","article-title":"Percutaneous release of trigger digits","volume":"83","author":"Ha","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000367","article-title":"An ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgical technique for trigger finger release using a minimally invasive surgical knife","volume":"26","author":"Cromheecke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06982-x","article-title":"Sonographically controlled minimally-invasive A1 pulley release using a new guide instrument\u2014a case series of 106 procedures in 64 patients","volume":"24","author":"Sutter","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20192228","article-title":"Results of percutaneous release of stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger) using hypodermic needle","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Res Orthop"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901502300227","article-title":"Percutaneous release of trigger finger","volume":"23","author":"Diab","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.06.006","article-title":"Anatomic outcome of percutaneous release among patients with trigger finger","volume":"35","author":"Calleja","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd009860","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009860.pub2","article-title":"Surgery for Trigger Finger","volume":"2","author":"Fiorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13924","article-title":"Time to pain relief: a randomized controlled trial in the emergency department during vaso-occlusive episodes in sickle cell disease","volume":"110","author":"Tanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"187","article-title":"Conservative management of trigger finger","volume":"224","author":"Quinnell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2011.05.006","article-title":"Are propensity scores really superior to standard multivariable analysis?","volume":"32","author":"Biondi-Zoccai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between two groups in observational research","volume":"38","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comp"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1290","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130920-22","article-title":"Open versus percutaneous release for the treatment of trigger thumb","volume":"36","author":"Guler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0180-1","article-title":"Percutaneous release of the trigger thumb: is it safe, cheap and effective?","volume":"31","author":"Cebesoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80430-7","article-title":"Percutaneous A1 pulley release: a cadaveric study","volume":"20","author":"Bain","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"48","article-title":"Long-term results of percutaneous and open surgery for trigger fingers and thumbs","volume":"87","author":"Gilberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20161017-06","article-title":"Short-term versus long-term outcomes after open or percutaneous release for trigger thumb","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4132","article-title":"Complications of percutaneous release of the trigger finger","volume":"11","author":"Aksoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"34","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of percutaneous trigger finger release under local anaesthesia","volume":"6","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bahria Univ Med Dental Coll"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21608\/bjas.2022.252999","article-title":"Percutaneous release of trigger finger by needle technique","volume":"7","author":"Tawfik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Benha J Appl Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.141558","article-title":"Experience of percutaneous trigger finger release under local anesthesia in the medical college of Mullana, Ambala, Haryana","volume":"4","author":"Sahu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193410381824","article-title":"Percutaneous A1 pulley release vs steroid injection for trigger digit: the results of a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Zyluk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1703.021","article-title":"Outpatient percutaneous release of trigger finger: a cost effective and safe procedure","volume":"11","author":"Marij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46049","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46049","article-title":"Does surgical experience affect the outcomes during percutaneous release of the trigger finger?","volume":"15","author":"\u00c7imen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1509292\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:50:33Z","timestamp":1741243833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1509292\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1509292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1509292","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"article-number":"1509292"}}