{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:57:27Z","timestamp":1769727447755,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the incidence of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis in patients undergoing craniopharyngioma surgery and to investigate their association with surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed clinical data from all patients who underwent craniopharyngioma surgery between 2019 and 2023 at a tertiary care center. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed prior to anesthesia and at one-hour intervals during surgery. Patients were classified into three groups: the Lactic Acidosis group (LA), Hyperlactatemia group (HL), and Normal Control group (NC). The primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative severe hypernatremia (serum sodium levels exceeding 155\u2005mmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 261 patients with a mean age of 41.7 years. During anesthesia, mean lactate levels increased from 1.4 [1.0\u20131.9]\u2005mmol\/L at initiation to 4.6 [1.8\u20137.0]\u2005mmol\/L after 8\u2005h. Among the cohort, 44 patients (16.9%) were classified in the HL group and 31 patients (11.9%) in the LA group. Anesthesia duration was the sole factor significantly associated with increased lactate levels in both univariate and multivariable analyses (OR 1.50 [95% CI: 1.31\u20131.80], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The elevated lactate level was independently associated with hypernatremia, even after adjusting for potential confounders, with an odds ratio of 2.12 (95% CI: 1.04\u20134.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038). No significant differences were observed among the three groups regarding total hospital stay, ICU stay, or incidence of severe complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactate levels increased during anesthesia in patients undergoing craniopharyngioma surgery and were associated with postoperative hypernatremia. However, with appropriate management, lactic acidosis was not significantly linked to adverse postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1541810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T05:23:36Z","timestamp":1749533016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lactate levels during anesthesia in patients undergoing craniopharyngioma 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