{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T14:36:56Z","timestamp":1786718216963,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Middle ear cholesteatoma causes bone\/ossicular erosion. This study aimed to analyze auditory outcomes after ossiculoplasty in cholesteatoma surgery and to identify predictors of hearing outcomes related to middle ear or surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ossiculoplasty during cholesteatoma surgery (2019\u20132024). Preoperative, short-term (2-month), and midterm (8-month) postoperative audiograms were analyzed. Potential pre-\/postoperative parameters influencing hearing were sought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-eight cases were included (20 pediatric, 68 adult). There were 56 primary surgeries, and 28 patients had preoperative cholesteatoma complications. In case of present stapes, a stapes\u2013cartilage augmentation was mostly performed, followed by a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis. In case of absent stapes, a total ossicular replacement prosthesis was used. There were 10 postoperative complications (1 prosthesis extrusion) and 16 residual cholesteatomas (1\u20133 years). Short-term mean postoperative gain in bone conduction (\u0394BC) was 0.3\u2005dB, while midterm \u0394BC was 1.4\u2005dB. Short-term mean postoperative gain in air conduction (\u0394AC) was 3.4\u2005dB, while midterm \u0394AC was 4.5\u2005dB. Short-term mean postoperative gain in air\u2013bone gap (\u0394ABG) was 3.4\u2005dB, while midterm \u0394ABG was 3.7\u2005dB. Preoperatively, younger age favorably influenced AC and BC, and the presence of stapes favorably influenced ABG. Postoperatively, regarding midterm \u0394ABG, the absence of posterior tympanotomy was a predictor of good hearing outcome. Considering the midterm postoperative ABG alone, the absence of mastoidectomy was a favorable predictive factor. Regarding midterm \u0394AC, primary surgery was a predictor of a good hearing outcome. Considering postoperative AC alone, there were three favorable predictive factors, namely, younger age, primary surgery, and absence of mastoidectomy. There was no predictive factor for midterm \u0394BC. The malleus handle had no effect on auditory results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative auditory results of our study are fair, given the preoperative aggressiveness\/extension of cholesteatoma, but were comparable to a few other studies, as were the rates of postoperative complications and residual disease. Younger age and presence of stapes were predictive of better preoperative hearing. Postoperatively, younger age, absence of mastoidectomy, absence of posterior tympanotomy, and primary surgery were predictors of good hearing outcome. Results in the literature are highly variable, sometimes contradictory. This stems from the diversity of disease extension, surgical techniques, and materials used in ossiculoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1630444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:36:56Z","timestamp":1763131016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Auditory outcomes and predictors following ossiculoplasty in cholesteatoma surgery: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Karkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Tinquaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimakis","family":"Asimakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Grondier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Bertholon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Abounaidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2017.3363","article-title":"EAONO\/JOS joint consensus statements on the definitions, classification and staging of middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"13","author":"Yung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05339-2","article-title":"Ossicular chain erosion in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma or granulation tissue or without those: analysis of 915 cases","volume":"276","author":"Akarcay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4350-5","article-title":"The effects of surgery type and different ossiculoplasty materials on the hearing results in cholesteatoma surgery","volume":"274","author":"Sevik Elicora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319840546","article-title":"Evaluation of type III tympanoplasty using cartilage ossiculoplasty in cholesteatoma ear surgery","volume":"99","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6","article-title":"Committee on hearing and equilibrium guidelines for the evaluation of results of treatment of conductive hearing loss","volume":"113","author":"Monsell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08147-x","article-title":"Reconstructive ossiculoplasty options in primary cholesteatoma surgeries with an intact stapes","volume":"281","author":"Acke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorl.2008.08.002","article-title":"Ossiculoplasty with a partial Spiggle & Theis titanium prosthesis in cholesteatoma: functional results","volume":"125","author":"Espitalier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-590","article-title":"Cartilage ossiculoplasty in cholesteatoma surgery: hearing results and prognostic factors","volume":"35","author":"Quaranta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.03.008","article-title":"Canal wall up tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma with intact stapes. 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