{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1775804202691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extensive osteochondral defects of the knee, which often cause pain, functional impairment, and potential osteoarthritis, are commonly treated with established strategies such as osteochondral autograft and allograft transplantation. Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation has emerged as a promising alternative. However, a notable evidence gap exists regarding its application for large osteochondral defects in the knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we present a case study of a 21-year-old male farmer with a significant osteochondral defect located on the medial femoral condyle. To achieve a precise match with the anatomical surface geometry of the medial femoral condyle, three-dimensional printing technology was employed to create an autologous osteoperiosteal graft harvested from the ipsilateral iliac crest. This graft was subsequently utilized to repair the large osteochondral lesion. At 22 months postoperatively, the patient exhibited substantial clinical improvement, as evidenced by a Lysholm Knee Score of 90. Follow-up imaging revealed complete integration of the graft with the surrounding bone and restoration of articular congruency. The patient successfully returned to normal activities without experiencing pain or swelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report demonstrates the successful application of three-dimensional planning for autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation to achieve precise restoration of a massive osteochondral defect in the medial femoral condyle. Favorable postoperative function outcome and good integration of the graft were observed. Therefore, this case provides an alternative therapeutic option for such complex osteochondral defects. Nevertheless, larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and potential complications of this novel technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1750704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:01:09Z","timestamp":1775800869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Three-dimensional planning for autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation in the treatment of a massive osteochondral defect of the medial femoral condyle"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qirui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Wanzai County","place":["Yichun, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenghao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuorui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156s","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520954489","article-title":"Long-Term survivorship and clinical outcomes of osteochondral autologous transplantation for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the knee","volume":"13","author":"Nishitani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.11.064","article-title":"Return to sport and sports-specific outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee: a systematic review of studies with at least 2 years\u2019 mean follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Crawford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980087","article-title":"Osteochondral allograft transplant for focal cartilage defects of the femoral condyles: clinically significant outcomes, failures, and survival at a Minimum 5-year follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Gilat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/corr.0000000000000719","article-title":"Knee-to-talus donor-site morbidity following autologous osteochondral transplantation: a meta-analysis with best-case and worst-case analysis","volume":"477","author":"Shimozono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-22-02-121","article-title":"Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation for the knee: current concepts","volume":"22","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2024.08.006","article-title":"Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation for cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus: bone reconstruction is essential","volume":"27","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.2016.28.2.165","article-title":"Simultaneous osteoperiosteal autologous iliac crest graft and lateral Meniscus allograft transplantation for osteochondral lesion with bony defect and lateral discoid Meniscus tear","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000324642","article-title":"The nature and role of periosteum in bone and cartilage regeneration","volume":"194","author":"Matsushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-020-00673-9","article-title":"Talar osteoperiostic grafting from the iliac crest (topic) for large medial talar osteochondral defects: operative technique","volume":"33","author":"Kerkhoffs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13586","article-title":"Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation for the treatment of large cystic talar osteochondral lesions","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2020.10.002","article-title":"Osteochondral lesions of the talus: an individualized treatment paradigm from the Amsterdam perspective","volume":"26","author":"Rikken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.05.014","article-title":"Treatment of large cystic medial osteochondral lesions of the talus with autologous osteoperiosteal cylinder grafts","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-02924-w","article-title":"Effect analysis of iliac bone autografting for hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2604-y","article-title":"Bony periosteum-covered iliac crest plug transplantation for severe osteochondral lesions of the talus: a modified mosaicplasty procedure","volume":"22","author":"Leumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211068529","article-title":"Comparison of autologous osteoperiosteal and osteochondral transplantation for the treatment of large, medial cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus","volume":"50","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603509360210","article-title":"Review: articular cartilage injury in athletes","volume":"1","author":"McAdams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720935110","article-title":"Matrix-Induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (maci) grafting for osteochondral lesions of the talus","volume":"41","author":"Lenz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2019.12.002","article-title":"All-arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transfer technique for osteochondritis dissecans of the talus","volume":"9","author":"Luick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2024.12.005","article-title":"Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation achieves comparable repair effect and superior interface integration to autologous osteochondral transplantation in porcine osteochondral defects","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.02.102","article-title":"3d Printing for scaphoid-reconstruction with medial femoral condyle flap","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/23320885.2022.2029453","article-title":"Metacarpal reconstruction with a medial femoral condyle flap based on a 3d-printed model: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12060859","article-title":"Application of 3d printing in bone grafts","volume":"12","author":"Brachet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2025.v15.i04.5498","article-title":"Osteochondral allograft transplantation for a large focal osteochondral defect of the lateral femoral condyle: technical note and case report","volume":"15","author":"Koukos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4452","article-title":"Infected post-traumatic bone defect of the knee using bipolar osteochondral allograft and 3d printing: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Medina-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1750704\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:01:25Z","timestamp":1775800885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1750704\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1750704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1750704","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-875X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-875X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"article-number":"1750704"}}