{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:30:53Z","timestamp":1774510253747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones, accounting for 5\u201310% of all cases of acute cholecystitis. While most cases occur in critically ill or postoperative patients, infectious etiologies\u2014particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella Typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014are increasingly recognized. Typhoid-related AAC is well described in children from endemic regions but remains rare in adults, with limited evidence to guide management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report the case of a 67-year-old man presenting with fever, chills, and epigastric pain following a self-limited diarrheal illness. Laboratory findings showed marked leukocytosis, elevated transaminases, and hyper-bilirubinemia with mild pain in the right upper quadrant. Blood cultures showed an infection of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella Typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensitive to ceftriaxone. Despite 72\u2005h of targeted antibiotic therapy, the patient remained febrile with rising inflammatory markers. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, revealing a gangrenous, necrotic gallbladder. Histopathology confirmed AAC with wall necrosis and abscesses. The postoperative course was uneventful.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This case highlights the importance of recognizing\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated AAC as a rare but severe complication of typhoid infection in adults. While initial conservative therapy is reasonable, persistent symptoms or lack of improvement after 48\u201372\u2005h should prompt early surgical intervention to prevent gallbladder necrosis, perforation, and sepsis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1787846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:29:18Z","timestamp":1774502958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to Salmonella Typhi: a case of conservative treatment failure and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alessio","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Brolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padova University","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Valcanover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Marcucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Beltempo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Prezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Frisini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Brolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Unit\u2014Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (Asuit)","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/171496","article-title":"Case report a case report of typhoidal acute acalculous cholecystitis","volume":"2014","author":"Rajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect 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