{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T21:43:04Z","timestamp":1777758184221,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective analysis was designed to evaluate the outcome of closed-suction wound drainage following posterior spinal fusion with internal instrumentation for mild to moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-six AIS patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion were divided into two cohorts: submuscular closed-suction wound drainage (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935) and simple compressed dressing clothes without wound drainage (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200951). These two cohorts were thoroughly compared in terms of demographic distribution and perioperative blood loss, including hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and blood transfusion volumes. Additionally, the incidence of wound-related problems (pyrexia and wound complications), duration of hospital stay, and lumbar function evaluation (lumbar mobility and SRS-22 questionnaire scores) were annually assessed during at least 5-year follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The drainage group had significantly lower hemoglobin (93.73\u2005g\/L vs. 99.95\u2005g\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and hematocrit levels (27.75% vs. 29.94%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) on the third postoperative day, as well as a significantly higher postoperative blood transfusion volume (40.0\u2005mL vs. 23.5\u2005mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) compared to the non-drainage group. Furthermore, the duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in the drainage group than in the non-drainage group (10.9 d vs. 8.0 d,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). In contrast, the two groups were statistically similar regarding duration of fever (0.9 d vs. 1.2 d,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.268), incidence of wound problems, latest lumbar mobility (42.79\u00b0 vs. 44.97\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.586), and scores of function\/activity domain (16.74 vs. 16.08,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.285) and pain domain (22.18 vs. 21.48,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.374) in the SRS-22 questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine closed-suction drainage significantly increased blood loss and hospital stay without obviously improving wound healing or functional outcomes. Utilizing simple compressed dressings without drainage was a clinically superior and resource-efficient alternative for posterior AIS fusion, particularly in uncomplicated primary surgeries for mild to moderate deformities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1816291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:02:24Z","timestamp":1777467744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is submuscular drainage mandatory for posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? 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