{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:44:19Z","timestamp":1782726259809,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gynecomastia is common and carries substantial psychosocial burden; liposuction alone has limited efficacy for glandular removal. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of liposuction combined with periareolar micro-incision gland excision for the treatment of gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2019 to April 2025, we treated 177 patients with gynecomastia. All underwent liposuction plus periareolar micro-incision gland excision. We performed a retrospective review of clinical records to assess long-term surgical outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median excised gland weight was 41.9\u2005g (range, 8\u2013180\u2005g); the median lipoaspirate volume was 882\u2005mL (range, 100\u20132,500\u2005mL). The median operative time was 89.7\u2005min (range, 60\u2013120\u2005min). Complications included seroma in 15 patients, hematoma in 3 patients within 6\u2005h postoperatively, infection in 3 patients, and transient cutaneous sensory changes in 4 patients. The mean patient-reported satisfaction score was 8.8\/10.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liposuction combined with periareolar micro-incision gland excision is a technically feasible and cosmetically favorable treatment for gynecomastia. Although postoperative wrinkling or folding of the nipple\u2013areolar complex may occur in patients with more severe deformities, the technique can still provide satisfactory aesthetic outcomes while keeping visible scarring to a minimum. Attention to uniform tumescent infiltration, meticulous hemostasis, dead-space control, and staged compression may further reduce early hematoma and seroma and help prevent postoperative asymmetry, particularly in patients with higher BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1822281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:33:28Z","timestamp":1781757208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of periareolar micro-excision combined with liposuction for gynecomastia: a retrospective cohort of 177 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoji","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2013.10.002","article-title":"Treatment of gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation","volume":"38","author":"Bautista-Vidal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ojac095","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095","article-title":"A single-center experience with gynecomastia treatment using liposuction, complete gland removal, and nipple areola complex lifting plaster technique: a review of 448 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