{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:01:08Z","timestamp":1784930468309,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of correcting depressed distal radial malunions at distal levels via a 5\u2005mm incision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between May 2021 and October 2023, 46 patients (46 wrists; external fixation group) with depressed distal radial malunions at the distal levels were treated. For comparison, we reviewed another 49 patients (49 wrists; plating group) treated with conventional open reduction and internal fixation with plate and crew systems in an earlier period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the plating group, secondary surgery to remove the plate was performed in 32 of 49 patients. There were significant differences in off work time (152\u2009\u00b1\u200942 vs. 210\u2009\u00b1\u200972;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and total treatment cost and loss due to off work (US$ 32,653\u2009\u00b1\u20091,234 vs. US$ 43,653\u2009\u00b1\u20093,234;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). There were significant between-group differences in radial height (12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u2005mm vs. 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2005mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and ulnar variance (0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2005mm vs. 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2005mm;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). There was no significant difference in the Mayo Wrist Scores (94.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 vs. 92.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05), including excellent (32 vs. 33), good (14 vs. 13), and fair (0 vs. 3) results. The patient aesthetics scores were 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 vs. 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The patient satisfaction scores were 8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 vs. 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) based on the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depressed distal radial malunions at the distal levels can be treated via a 5\u2005mm incision. External fixation through this small incision may be effective in maintaining radial height, especially in patients with osteoporosis. Usually, owing to a non-necessity for secondary implant removal in some patients, this technique results in acceptable outcomes in total treatment cost, total off work time, and patient satisfaction. The technique can be an alternative in addition to plate fixation. However, more factors should be considered when selecting the treatment strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1825806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:32:53Z","timestamp":1783477973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correcting depressed distal radial malunions at distal levels via a 5\u2005mm incision"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Orthopaedic and Department Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University","place":["Yichang, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, West Medical Center of Shijiazhuang, Jingxing Hospital , , Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , , Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Orthopaedic and Department Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University","place":["Yichang, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuewu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Orthopaedic and Department Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University","place":["Yichang, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , , Hebei","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3097-8","article-title":"Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of distal radius fractures in adults: an observational study of 23,394 fractures from the national Swedish fracture register","volume":"21","author":"Rundgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2023.06.002","article-title":"Managing the extra-articular distal radius 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