{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:09:35Z","timestamp":1783926575038,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Thrower's fracture, a non-traumatic humerus fracture related to the throwing motion, has been reported in a few studies in the literature. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, there has been no report on an isolated medial condylar fracture of the distal humerus induced by the throwing motion to date. In this study, we provide a potential explanation to the pathomechanism of such a rare type of thrower's fracture.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n We present a rare case of a 17-year-old Asian adolescent male who suffered an isolated medial condylar fracture of the distal humerus after baseball pitching. A right elbow X-ray showed a displaced fracture of the right medial humeral condyle running through the trochlear groove. Open reduction and internal fixation with plating were performed smoothly and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. The range of motion of the elbow was intact and the boy returned to sports activities without any complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This was the first study that showed the throwing motion may induce isolated medial condylar fractures of the distal humerus. The potential pathomechanism of this injury was elucidated by drawing upon the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in various components of complex injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1853523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:37:08Z","timestamp":1783924628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: An isolated medial condylar fracture of the distal humerus in an adolescent baseball pitcher"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shih-Feng","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taoyuan, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yuan","family":"Jen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taoyuan, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Pao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taoyuan, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Te","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taoyuan, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare","place":["Taoyuan, Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2014.09.2081","article-title":"Upper extremity physeal injury in young baseball pitchers","volume":"42","author":"Saltzman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.07.009","article-title":"Missed thrower\u2019s fracture of the humerus in a pediatric athlete: a case report","volume":"55","author":"Wicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021401","article-title":"Throwing fracture of the humeral shaft","volume":"26","author":"Ogawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060378","article-title":"Ball-thrower\u2019s fracture of the humerus","volume":"175","author":"Colapinto","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546804","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/546804","article-title":"Humeral shaft fracture treatment in the elite throwing athlete: a unique application of flexible intramedullary nailing","volume":"2013","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300402","article-title":"Biomechanics of baseball pitching. 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