{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:03:52Z","timestamp":1784070232350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) are among the most common fractures in pediatric patients. The following two surgical options are available for high-level extension-type pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation and lateral external fixation. Evidence comparing the clinical outcomes of these two procedures remains insufficient. This study aimed to compare functional and radiological outcomes between the two surgical approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective comparative study included 52 pediatric patients (15 treated with external fixation and 37 with K-wire fixation) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Outcome measures included open reduction rate, post-operative carrying angle, Baumann angle, humeral-capitellar angle, and complication rates (infection, ulnar nerve injury, and unacceptable cubitus varus). Elbow range of motion (ROM) was evaluated at serial follow-up points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No ulnar nerve injury, major loss of reduction, pin-tract infection, or elbow stiffness occurred in either group. The only significant between-group difference was a lower open reduction rate in the external fixation group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). No statistically significant differences were observed in Baumann angle, humeral-capitellar angle, Flynn grade, carrying angle, or elbow ROM between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>K-wire fixation and external fixation provide similarly satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes. External fixation offers no significant advantage over K-wire fixation for high-level extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1853760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:10:19Z","timestamp":1784067019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["External fixation is not superior to K-wire fixation in pediatric patients with high-level extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760100024","article-title":"The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children: analysis of 355 fractures, with special reference to supracondylar humerus 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