{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:30:23Z","timestamp":1790566223274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic tonsillitis is a common upper respiratory tract disease for which there is no objective tissue-level basis for judging conservative treatment. We characterised the morphometric and immunohistochemical reorganisation of the palatine tonsil in chronic tonsillitis and its response to a combined ozone-ultrasound protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a single-centre observational study with a pre-post design and no randomised comparator group, we examined 480 palatine tonsil specimens: histologically normal controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009160), chronic tonsillitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009180) and post-treatment specimens (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009140). Sections underwent haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD68 and BCL-2 (Ventana BenchMark XT, Roche; 1:100), with immunopositive cells counted in 5\u201310 high-power fields at x400. The multi-stage ozone-ultrasound protocol (patent FAP20230057) was applied to 180 patients aged 4\u201340 years assessed before and after treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic tonsillitis showed deepened crypts (+412.3%), capsular thickening (+252.6%), epithelial erosion (+152.5%) and stromal fibrosis (+54.0%), whereas epithelial thickness changed marginally (+6.6%). Follicle density fell by 54.7% and germinal centre number by 22.1%, while germinal centre area was preserved (\u22124.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.09), pointing to loss of follicles rather than involution of individual centres. Ki-67, CD68 and BCL-2 rose in every compartment and fell after therapy (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The clinical severity index dropped from 4.28 to 2.78 points (mean change 1.50; 95% CI 1.17\u20131.83).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic tonsillitis produces a reproducible pattern of morphometric and immunohistochemical reorganisation that responds in a coordinated way to combined ozone-ultrasound therapy, giving an objective tissue-level framework for judging conservative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1878051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:02:38Z","timestamp":1787724158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Morphometric and immunohistochemical reorganisation of the palatine tonsil in chronic tonsillitis and its response to combined ozone-ultrasound therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nigina","family":"Alimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino","place":["Bukhara, Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilnoza","family":"Khasanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino","place":["Bukhara, Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigora","family":"Dustova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino","place":["Bukhara, Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigora","family":"Asadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino","place":["Bukhara, 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