{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:07:31Z","timestamp":1789020451554,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Surg."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Building on prior device development and bench-based visual-field validation, this exploratory study evaluated the feasibility of an adjustable-angle arthroscope for ACL femoral tunnel creation in an\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      porcine knee model and descriptively compared femoral tunnel position measurements and procedural time with a conventional 30\u00b0 arthroscope.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten fresh porcine knee specimens were allocated to an adjustable-angle arthroscope group or a conventional 30\u00b0 arthroscope group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095 each). The operational target point was defined as the intersection 5\u2009mm from the inferior and posterior cartilage margins of the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle; this standardized experimental target was not assumed to represent the native porcine or human ACL footprint center. All procedures were performed by one orthopaedic surgeon who was experienced in ACL reconstruction and was a member of the device-development team. CT-based three-dimensional reconstruction and gross anatomical measurement were used to determine distances A and B, and operative time and measurement reliability were recorded. Group-level outcomes were summarized descriptively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On CT three-dimensional reconstruction, distances A and B were 4.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u2005mm and 7.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85\u2005mm, respectively, in the adjustable-angle group and 6.68\u2009\u00b1\u20091.15\u2005mm and 8.98\u2009\u00b1\u20091.17\u2005mm, respectively, in the 30\u00b0 group. Gross anatomical measurements were 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2005mm and 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2005mm in the adjustable-angle group and 6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2005mm and 9.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2005mm in the 30\u00b0 group. Mean operative time was 14.23\u2009\u00b1\u20091.00\u2005min and 14.46\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21\u2005min, respectively. Interobserver ICCs were 0.91 and 0.90, and intraobserver ICCs were 0.97 and 0.97.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study successfully developed an adjustable-angle arthroscope based on a hinge-linkage mechanism and demonstrated, through quantitative testing, that it provided greater visual-field coverage than conventional 30\u00b0 and 70\u00b0 fixed-angle arthroscopes. By enabling dynamic multiangle visualization within a single arthroscopic system, this device may provide a more flexible visualization strategy for complex arthroscopic procedures and has potential clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2026.1899167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:33:22Z","timestamp":1789018402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of an adjustable-angle arthroscope during ACL femoral tunnel creation: an ex vivo porcine knee study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhenghui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0804745","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament tear","volume":"359","author":"Spindler","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514542796","article-title":"Incidence and trends of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the United States","volume":"42","author":"Mall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0076-z","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament anatomy and function relating to anatomical reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Zantop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1191-4","article-title":"The anatomic approach to primary, revision and augmentation anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"14","article-title":"Femoral insertion of the ACL. 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