{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:05:50Z","timestamp":1792717550589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Toxicol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bivalve are exposed to a wide range of contaminants, some of which may be toxic to human health. The aim of this study was to detect essential and non-essential elements such as Na, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Be and Co in water, sediments, and\n                    <jats:italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Tapes decussatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Faro Lake. It is a lake of marine origin located on the northern coast of Messina (Sicily), where shellfish farming has been practiced for many years. Metals were analysed by a single quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), except for Hg, which was quantified using a direct mercury analyser (DMA-80). The study evaluated the nutritional intake of elements through the ingestion of clams and mussels and the potential health risks to consumers. The lead levels found in\n                    <jats:italic>M. galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were below the LOQ, while in\n                    <jats:italic>T. decussatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    the concentrations were below the limit indicated by European Regulation 915\/2023. Statistical analysis was carried out on\n                    <jats:italic>M. galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. decussatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    samples using SPSS 27 and the data showed highly significant differences between the two species (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001). Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) concentrations were also below the legal limit in all samples analyzed. This study has shown that clams and mussels are a source of sodium (Na) with a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 36% in\n                    <jats:italic>M. galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 77% in\n                    <jats:italic>T. decussatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The percentages obtained for calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 17%\u201319% and 18%\u20138%, respectively. The RDA of chromium (Cr) was of 191% for\n                    <jats:italic>M. galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and of 405% for\n                    <jats:italic>T. decussatus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The Fe percentages were 92% and 169% for\n                    <jats:italic>M. galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. decussatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. The concentrations of the other metals observed in the two bivalve species of Lake Faro were generally lower than the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) values estimated as a risk to human health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2024.1494977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T01:21:49Z","timestamp":1734052909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Mineral composition in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and clam Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake of Messina: risk assessment for human health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Zappal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Lucrezia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Parrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Licata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803371-5.00001-1","article-title":"Chapter 1 - contaminants in the marine environment","volume-title":"Marine ecotoxicology","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2016"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.090","article-title":"Heavy metals in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) landed on the Ecuadorian coast","volume":"541","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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