{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:56:53Z","timestamp":1790852213604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Toxicol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Commonly used for delivering fluorescent or bioluminescent reporters to target genes, lentiviral vectors are an \u201ceasy-to-clone\u201d vehicle to study up- and downregulation of gene expression induced by drug inhibitors, cytokine stimulants, chemicals, and environmental toxicants. To produce viral particles safely, several plasmid constructs are delivered to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293-T), which use the cellular machinery to package and assemble non-replicative lentiviruses with high efficiency. However, the cell culture of HEK293-T cells still largely relies on the use of fetal bovine serum for cell survival and proliferation. At large scale, this cell culture practice consumes a great amount of animal-derived serum, driving the need for continuous farming of animals whose fetuses would be used to obtain serum, posing grave ethical and practical concerns for human-relevant research. In this study, we present a feasible and scalable method to adapt the culture medium formulation for HEK293-T cells and demonstrate how virus production responds to this cell culture adaptation. Using a commercially available platelet-based supplement derived from human blood byproducts, we maintain cell viability and proliferation rates, with up to 82% confluence, and can produce lentiviruses (approximately 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    infectious units\/mL with up to 20% infectivity), while sparing the killing of bovine fetuses for serum collection, in a cost-efficient and humanized manner. Envisioning adoption in the pharma industry and large-scale virus production facilities, this simple yet robust cell medium formulation presents itself as an ethical and practical avenue to advance scientific innovation and bring one more layer of human relevance to biomedical research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2026.1903400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:07:35Z","timestamp":1790849255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xeno-free production of lentiviral particles: implementing hPL as FBS replacement in cell culture"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mariana Soares","family":"Guedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland","place":["Homburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland","place":["Homburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland","place":["Homburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Pharma Science Hub (PSH), University of Saarland","place":["Homburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOMATERIALS.2017.05.032","article-title":"An optimized lentiviral vector system for conditional RNAi and efficient cloning of microRNA embedded short hairpin RNA libraries","volume":"139","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17067","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HELIYON.2023.E17067","article-title":"Serum-free lentiviral vector production is compatible with medium-resident nuclease activity arising from adherent HEK293T host cells engineered with a nuclease-encoding transgene","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S00204-026-04502-Z","article-title":"Cell line identity rather than medium composition determines transcriptomic profiles of HepaRG and HuH7 cells cultured in chemically defined or serum-based media: comparison with primary human hepatocytes","volume":"2026","author":"Ali","year":"2026","journal-title":"Archives Toxicol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031259","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggered exosomal release of ADAM10 mediates proteolytic cleavage in trans","volume":"23","author":"Aljohmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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