{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:48:36Z","timestamp":1768308516903,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Tuberc."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) poses a serious challenge to global tuberculosis control, particularly in high-burden countries like Niger. In 2021, a new fully oral, shorter treatment regimen, named regimen C, was adopted nationally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess its effectiveness under programmatic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024. All patients with pre-XDR and XDR-TB treated in one of the four multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB units in Niger, who received the new standardized regimen and completed their treatment, were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 16 patients with pre-XDR-TB were included in the study. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were collected. The median age was 30.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 25\u201339 years], and 62.5% of patients were male. All patients had pulmonary pre-XDR TB. At the end of treatment, a therapeutic success rate of 75.0% was observed. Adverse events occurred in 88.0% of patients, including 2 cases (14.3%) of grade 4 adverse reactions. Undernourished patients tended to have an increased risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes, although this association was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.18).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the regimen evaluated in this study appears to be effective for the management of pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger, with a promising treatment success rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ftubr.2025.1718997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:33:22Z","timestamp":1768286002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of a short, all oral treatment regimen including bedaquiline, 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