{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:14:01Z","timestamp":1770963241199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Tuberc."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The individuals with tuberculosis (TB) experience a variety of barriers, needs, and challenges when receiving the treatment. Evidence on holistic patient-centered psychosocial interventions that promote self-efficacy and the ability to complete treatment-related tasks and goals is scarce in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To adapt an intervention aimed at strengthening the self-efficacy of individuals on TB treatment and their family caregivers, and to evaluate its effectiveness compared with the standard of care on the primary outcome of improved TB treatment self-efficacy and secondary outcomes of improved medication adherence, reduced TB-related stigma, and improved infection control practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multicentric hybrid Type I mixed method implementation research design will be used to adapt and evaluate the implementation feasibility and effectiveness of delivering a self-efficacy-based intervention under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) settings in India. A two-arm non-randomized cluster intervention design will be employed to evaluate the impact of a self-efficacy intervention, which includes individual counseling and peer group sessions (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 240) in comparison to the standard of care (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 240) on primary and secondary outcomes. Qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), will be conducted to explore contextual factors influencing implementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed study could generate evidence for a holistic and evidence-informed psycho-social intervention for individuals with TB and their family caregivers. It aims to improve their self-efficacy in overcoming TB treatment challenges and address the key psycho-social barriers comprehensively. Qualitative insights from the study are expected to guide\/facilitate the pragmatic scale-up of self-efficacy-based interventions under the National TB program of India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has been registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI\/2024\/05\/066847.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1713844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:22:52Z","timestamp":1770960172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated psycho-social intervention to improve self-efficacy toward TB treatment uptake and infection prevention among patients and family caregivers: a multicentric implementation research study 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India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhanalakshmi","family":"Angamuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in tuberculosis","place":["Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shobana","family":"Palanisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in tuberculosis","place":["Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muniyandi","family":"Malaisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis","place":["Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 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