{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:01:22Z","timestamp":1780038082522,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Tuberc."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is a recognized chronic condition associated with high healthcare utilization. Texas statewide NTM diagnosis-coded inpatient discharges per 100,000 discharge records (healthcare utilization) have not been systematically studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed Texas hospital inpatient discharge public use data between 2016 and 2023 for all 254 Texas counties. MS-EXCEL and SPSS were used for data collection and analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 23.33 million hospital discharge records, 12,587 were identified to have an NTM diagnosis-coded inpatient discharge. Among the patients with NTM, 3.3% of the patients were aged 0\u201317 years, 19.5% were 18\u201344 years, 29.5% were 45\u201364 years, and 47.7% were 65\u2009+\u2009years old. The NTM diagnosis-coded inpatient discharge rate in Texas was calculated to be 59.9\/100,000 records (range 46.1\u201362.6). A total of 815 NTM cases were reported in Northeast Texas and 4,203 cases in the Gulf Coast counties. The total number of in-hospital deaths among the NTM-coded discharges was 692 (5.5% of total NTM cases). The number of patients with NTM covered under Medicare Part A was 5,102 and 1,521 were on Medicaid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the hospital discharge data analysis, there appears to be regional variation in the prevalence of NTM disease in Texas. Further studies are needed to determine these variations and to improve our understanding of NTM-PD in Texas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1740382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:01:40Z","timestamp":1780034500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in Texas: an analysis of 8 years of hospital discharge data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Baham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Innovations, Data Science, and Research, The University of Texas at Tyler","place":["Tyler, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jotam G.","family":"Pasipanodya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center","place":["Nashville, TN, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devanshi","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine","place":["Tyler, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Innovations, Data Science, and Research, The University of Texas at Tyler","place":["Tyler, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashikant","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine","place":["Tyler, TX, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler","place":["Tyler, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1874ST","article-title":"Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. An official ATS\/CDC\/ERS\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"200","author":"Nahid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9803048","article-title":"Risk factors for pulmonary mycobacterial disease in South African gold miners. A case-control study","volume":"159","author":"Corbett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1258ED","article-title":"The importance of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"178","author":"Iseman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201503-173OC","article-title":"The burden of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Strollo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0503OC","article-title":"Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and clinical features: an emerging public health disease","volume":"182","author":"Winthrop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/AJTCCM.2022.v28i2.157","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease: a review of trends, risk factors, diagnosis and management","volume":"28","author":"Nqwata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005001","article-title":"Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)","volume":"36","author":"Biet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.161827","article-title":"Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and tuberculosis, Hawaii, USA","volume":"23","author":"Adjemian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0913OC","article-title":"Spatial clusters of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in the United States","volume":"186","author":"Adjemian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189981","article-title":"Higher-than-expected prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV setting in Botswana: implications for diagnostic algorithms using Xpert MTB\/RIF assay","volume":"12","author":"Agizew","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1987.135.5.1007","article-title":"The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases in the United States. Results from a national survey","volume":"135","author":"O'Brien","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201804-236OC","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a large U.S. managed care health plan, 2008\u20132015","volume":"17","author":"Winthrop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1086\/648443","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors: a changing epidemiology","volume":"49","author":"Cassidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00019-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"23","author":"Marras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review","volume":"36","author":"Prevots","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0310OC","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease prevalence at four integrated health care delivery systems","volume":"182","author":"Prevots","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090196","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria-associated lung disease in hospitalized persons, United States, 1998\u20132005","volume":"15","author":"Billinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Analysis of hospital admission data for NTM pulmonary disease in Texas, 2016\u20132023","author":"Baham","year":"2025"},{"key":"B20","year":""},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.07.750","article-title":"The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in the COVID-19 era","volume":"168","author":"O'Leary","year":"2025","journal-title":"CHEST"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"The Health Status of Northeast Texas, 2021","author":"Nehme","year":"2021"},{"key":"B23","year":""},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16559-z","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictors of NTM pulmonary infection in Taiwan\u2014a retrospective, five-year multicenter study","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201611-860OC","article-title":"Geographic distribution of nontuberculous mycobacterial species identified among clinical isolates in the United States, 2009\u20132013","volume":"14","author":"Spaulding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333567","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"34","author":"Kendall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx311","article-title":"Meta-analyses and the evidence base for microbial outcomes in the treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex disease","volume":"72","author":"Pasipanodya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01206-17","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus outcomes and disease recurrence","volume":"61","author":"Pasipanodya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.01.012","article-title":"Differences in risk factors and drug susceptibility between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare lung diseases in China","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2016OC","article-title":"Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"185","author":"Adjemian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Tuberculosis"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1740382\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:01:42Z","timestamp":1780034502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1740382\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1740382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ftubr.2026.1740382","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-7868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-7868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"article-number":"1740382"}}